How Are They Racialized? Racial Experiences of Chinese Graduate Students

The present study explores the lived experiences of Chinese graduate students at a Southwestern University in order to find out how they experience race in daily life, what their interpretations of the racial experience are and how do racialized experiences shape their perceptions of life chances. The results indicate that the racialization process plays an important role in Chinese students\u27 life through their lived experiences. Most Chinese students have noticed race and some of them have experienced racial discrimination. However, Chinese students still hold up the importance of education and believe that education will blunt the racial edg

Analysis of Venous Blood Flow and Deformation in the Calf under External Compression

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common post-operative complication, and a serious threat to the patient’s general recovery. In recent years, there has been increasing awareness of the risk of DVT in healthy individuals after prolonged immobility, such as people taking long-period flights or sitting at a computer. Mechanical methods of DVT prophylaxis, such as compression stockings, have gained widespread acceptance, but the haemodynamic mechanism of their action is still not well understood. In this study, computational modelling approaches based on magnetic resonance (MR) images are used to (i) predict the deformation of calf and deep veins under external compression, (ii) determine blood flow and wall shear stress in the deep veins of the calf, and (iii) quantify the effect of external compression on flow and wall shear stress in the deep veins. As a first step, MR images of the calf obtained with and without external compression were analysed, which indicated different levels of compressibility for different calf muscle compartments. A 2D finite element model (FEM) with specifically tailored boundary conditions for different muscle components was developed to simulate the deformation of the calf under compression. The calf tissues were described by a linear elastic model. The simulation results showed a good qualitative agreement with the measurements in terms of deep vein deformation, but the area reduction predicted by the FEM was much larger than that obtained from the MR images. In an attempt to improve the 2D FEM, a hyperelastic material model was employed and a finite element based non-rigid registration algorithm was developed to calculate the bulk modulus of the calf tissues. Using subject-specific bulk modulus derived with this method together with a hyperelastic material model, the numerical results showed better quantitative agreement with MR measured deformations of deep veins and calf tissues. In order to understand the effect of external compression on flow in the deep veins, MR imaging and real-time flow mapping were performed on 10 healthy volunteers before and after compression. Computational fluid dynamics was then employed to calculate the haemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS), based on the measured changes in vessel geometry and flow waveforms. The overall results indicated that application of the compression stocking led to a reduction in both blood flow rate and cross sectional area of the peroneal veins in the calf, which resulted in an increase in WSS, but the individual effects were highly variable. Finally, a 3D fluid-structure interactions (FSI) model was developed for a segment of the calf with realistic geometry for the calf muscle and bones but idealised geometry for the deep vein. The hyperelastic material properties evaluated previously were employed to describe the solid behaviours. Some predictive ability of the FSI model was demonstrated, but further improvement and validation are still needed

Identity and Narrative:A Special Female Case of Chinese Ancient Autobiography

Li Qingzhao 1084-1155 is one of the most excellent and most famous female scholars in Chinese literature history whose Epilog to Records on Metal and Stone Jin Shi Lu Houxu as a rare female autobiography in Chinese ancient literature has made many unique creative contributions to the development of Chinese biographic literature As a female autobiography Epilog to Records on Metal and Stone has covered three identities of Li Qingzhao - a daughter of a noble family a wife of a civil official and a female scholar - and the self-recognition of the three identities constitutes the triple female perspective of her autobiography As a lament work Epilog to Record on Metal and Stone has integrated three dimensional narration spaces - autobiographic facts lament for her deceased husband biographical facts lament for her collected objects and historical facts lament for the perished country The richness appropriateness and exquisiteness of the discourse structure for three dimensional lament under a triple female perspective have made Epilog to Records on Metal and Stone a milestone in Chinese biographical history It has not only filled the blank of female authors in ancient Chinese biography but also provided a narrative spatial model of three dimensional interactions laying the solid foundation for Li Qingzhao to be a landmark figure in Chinese biographic histor

Identity and Narrative:A Special Female Case of Chinese Ancient Autobiography

Li Qingzhao 1084-1155 is one of the most excellent and most famous female scholars in Chinese literature history whose Epilog to Records on Metal and Stone Jin Shi Lu Houxu as a rare female autobiography in Chinese ancient literature has made many unique creative contributions to the development of Chinese biographic literature As a female autobiography Epilog to Records on Metal and Stone has covered three identities of Li Qingzhao - a daughter of a noble family a wife of a civil official and a female scholar - and the self-recognition of the three identities constitutes the triple female perspective of her autobiography As a lament work Epilog to Record on Metal and Stone has integrated three dimensional narration spaces - autobiographic facts lament for her deceased husband biographical facts lament for her collected objects and historical facts lament for the perished country The richness appropriateness and exquisiteness of the discourse structure for three dimensional lament under a triple female perspective have made Epilog to Records on Metal and Stone a milestone in Chinese biographical history It has not only filled the blank of female authors in ancient Chinese biography but also provided a narrative spatial model of three dimensional interactions laying the solid foundation for Li Qingzhao to be a landmark figure in Chinese biographic histor

Perfectly Secure Steganography: Capacity, Error Exponents, and Code Constructions

An analysis of steganographic systems subject to the following perfect undetectability condition is presented in this paper. Following embedding of the message into the covertext, the resulting stegotext is required to have exactly the same probability distribution as the covertext. Then no statistical test can reliably detect the presence of the hidden message. We refer to such steganographic schemes as perfectly secure. A few such schemes have been proposed in recent literature, but they have vanishing rate. We prove that communication performance can potentially be vastly improved; specifically, our basic setup assumes independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) covertext, and we construct perfectly secure steganographic codes from public watermarking codes using binning methods and randomized permutations of the code. The permutation is a secret key shared between encoder and decoder. We derive (positive) capacity and random-coding exponents for perfectly-secure steganographic systems. The error exponents provide estimates of the code length required to achieve a target low error probability. We address the potential loss in communication performance due to the perfect-security requirement. This loss is the same as the loss obtained under a weaker order-1 steganographic requirement that would just require matching of first-order marginals of the covertext and stegotext distributions. Furthermore, no loss occurs if the covertext distribution is uniform and the distortion metric is cyclically symmetric; steganographic capacity is then achieved by randomized linear codes. Our framework may also be useful for developing computationally secure steganographic systems that have near-optimal communication performance.Comment: To appear in IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, June 2008; ignore Version 2 as the file was corrupte