1,881 research outputs found
Quantum Statistics and Spacetime Topology: Quantum Surgery Formulas
To formulate the universal constraints of quantum statistics data of generic
long-range entangled quantum systems, we introduce the geometric-topology
surgery theory on spacetime manifolds where quantum systems reside, cutting and
gluing the associated quantum amplitudes, specifically in 2+1 and 3+1 spacetime
dimensions. First, we introduce the fusion data for worldline and worldsheet
operators capable of creating anyonic excitations of particles and strings,
well-defined in gapped states of matter with intrinsic topological orders.
Second, we introduce the braiding statistics data of particles and strings,
such as the geometric Berry matrices for particle-string Aharonov-Bohm,
3-string, 4-string, or multi-string adiabatic loop braiding process, encoded by
submanifold linkings, in the closed spacetime 3-manifolds and 4-manifolds.
Third, we derive new `quantum surgery' formulas and constraints, analogous to
Verlinde formula associating fusion and braiding statistics data via spacetime
surgery, essential for defining the theory of topological orders, 3d and 4d
TQFTs and potentially correlated to bootstrap boundary physics such as gapless
modes, extended defects, 2d and 3d conformal field theories or quantum
anomalies.
This article is meant to be an extended and further detailed elaboration of
our previous work [arXiv:1602.05951] and Chapter 6 of [arXiv:1602.05569]. Our
theory applies to general quantum theories and quantum mechanical systems, also
applicable to, but not necessarily requiring the quantum field theory
description.Comment: 35 pages, 3d and 4d figures, 3 tables. An extended sequel and further
detailed elaboration of [arXiv:1602.05951] and Chapter 6 of Thesis
[arXiv:1602.05569] in 201
Herb-Drug Pharmacokinetic Interaction of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San with 5-Fluorouracil in the Blood and Brain of Rat Using Microdialysis
According to a survey from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) is the most popular Chinese medicine for cancer patients in Taiwan. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a general anticancer drug for the chemotherapy. To investigate the herb-drug interaction of JWXYS on pharmacokinetics of 5-FU, a microdialysis technique coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography system was used to monitor 5-FU in rat blood and brain. Rats were divided into four parallel groups, one of which was treated with 5-FU (100 mg/kg, i.v.) alone and the remaining three groups were pretreated with a different dose of JWXYS (600, 1200, or 2400 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days) followed by a combination with 5-FU. This study demonstrates that 5-FU with JWXYS (600 mg/kg/day or 1200 mg/kg/day) has no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of 5-FU in the blood and brain. However, JWXYS (2400 mg/kg/day) coadministered with 5-FU extends the elimination half-life and increases the volume of distribution of 5-FU in the blood. The elimination half-life of 5-FU in the brain for the pretreatment group with 2400 mg/kg/day of JWXYS is significantly longer than that for the group treated with 5-FU alone and also reduces the clearance. This study provides practical dosage information for clinical practice and proves the safety of 5-FU coadministered with JWXYS
Modeling the pulse signal by wave-shape function and analyzing by synchrosqueezing transform
We apply the recently developed adaptive non-harmonic model based on the
wave-shape function, as well as the time-frequency analysis tool called
synchrosqueezing transform (SST) to model and analyze oscillatory physiological
signals. To demonstrate how the model and algorithm work, we apply them to
study the pulse wave signal. By extracting features called the spectral pulse
signature, {and} based on functional regression, we characterize the
hemodynamics from the radial pulse wave signals recorded by the
sphygmomanometer. Analysis results suggest the potential of the proposed signal
processing approach to extract health-related hemodynamics features
タイワン ノ ニホンゴ ガッカ ノ ダイガクインセイ ノ ニホンゴ トノ カカワリ ニツイテノ ホウモン チョウサ : シンガクマエ カラ ソツギョウゴ マデ
This study interviewed 20 postgraduate students during April 2010 to July 2011, and concluded the following:
There are few students desire to study in Japanese Department as a freshman, but most of them decided to do higher study in Japanese Gratuate
Schools in their senior year. Many of the interviewees claimed that they would find a job if not being accepted by a postgraduate school. The criteria
for students’ sections on specific postgraduate schools included whether it is the students’ alma mater, the policy of the postgraduate school, and the geological location of the school. Most students acquired the circumstances for the school, while some of them pointed out the difference between those stated on the webpage and the reality. Although with heavy study load, most students gained capability, not only in being awarded the degree, but also being promoted with logic training and data acquisition. Most interviewees agreed that the postgraduate study is an important stage in their life career
Efficacy of Mammographic Evaluation of Breast Cancer in Women Less Than 40 Years of Age: Experience from a Single Medical Center in Taiwan
Background/PurposeMammography is the standard imaging modality for breast cancer diagnosis. However, the value of mammographic diagnosis in breast cancer patients aged less than 40 years old has not been well assessed. The goal of our study was to determine the diagnostic efficacy of mammography for the detection of breast cancer in women under 40 years of age in a single medical center in Taiwan.MethodsOf 1766 women diagnosed with breast cancer in one medical center between 1999 and 2005, 227 (12.9%) who were younger than 40 years of age were enrolled, and 105 of these 227 patients had pre-biopsy mammograms available for analysis. The sensitivities for mammography at first (prospective) and second (retrospective) readings and for corresponding ultrasound were calculated. The distribution of different breast composition between the mammographic true-positive (TP) and false-negative (FN) lesions at the first and second readings was analyzed.ResultsOf the 105 patients, 104 presented with a palpable mass and the other one was asymptomatic. There were 109 pathologically proven breast cancers from the 105 patients; 92 of 109 cancerous lesions were detected at the first mammographic reading (sensitivity 84.4%), and the most common mammographic sign was microcalcifications (40.2%). The second reading detected seven additional cancers (99 of 109 lesions; sensitivity 90.8%). There was no significant difference between mammographic TP and FN lesions for the different breast composition on first and second readings. Ninety patients also had ultrasound available for correlation with 94 cancers diagnosed from them. The diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound was 94.7% (89 of 94 lesions).ConclusionMammography has an acceptable sensitivity for the detection of breast cancer in women aged less than 40 years, regardless of different breast composition. Breast ultrasound can offer a higher sensitivity for such a population
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