Superconductivity induced by doping Ru in SrFe2-xRuxAs2

Using one-step solid state reaction method, we have successfully synthesized the superconductor SrFe1-xRuxAs. X-ray diffraction indicates that the material has formed the ThCr2Si2-type structure with a space group I4/mmm. The systematic evolution of the lattice constants demonstrates that the Fe ions are successfully replaced by the Ru. By increasing the doping content of Ru, the spin-density-wave (SDW) transition in the parent compound is suppressed and superconductivity emerges. The maximum superconducting transition temperature is found at 13.5 K with the doping level of x = 0.7. The temperature dependence of DC magnetization confirms superconducting transitions at around 12 K. Our results indicate that similar to non-isoelectronic substitution, isoelectronic substitution contributes to changes in both the carrier concentration and internal pressure, and superconductivity could be induced by isoelectronic substitution.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Financial option insurance

The option is a financial derivative, which is regularly employed in reducing the risk of its underlying securities. However, investing in option is still risky. Such risk becomes much severer for speculators who utilize option as a means of leverage to increase their potential returns. In order to mitigate risk on their positions, the rudimentary concept of financial option insurance is introduced into practice. Two starkly-dissimilar concepts of insurance and financial option are integrated into the formation of financial option insurance. The proposed financial product insures investors option premiums when misfortune befalls on them. As a trade-off, they are likely to sacrifice a limited portion of their potential profits. The loopholes of prevailing financial market are addressed and the void is filled by introducing a stable three-entity framework. Moreover, a specifically designed mathematical model is proposed. It consists of two portions: the business strategy of matching and a verification-and-modification process. The proposed model enables the option investors with calls and puts of different moneyness to be protected by the issued option insurance. Meanwhile, it minimizes the exposure of option insurers position to any potential losses

Beyond Parrondo's paradox

The Parrondo's paradox is a counterintuitive phenomenon where individually-losing strategies can be combined in producing a winning expectation. In this paper, the issues surrounding the Parrondo's paradox are investigated. The focus is lying on testifying whether the same paradoxical effect can be reproduced by using a simple capital dependent game. The paradoxical effect generated by the Parrondo's paradox can be explained by placing all the parameters in one probability space. Based on this framework, it is able to generate other possible paradoxical effects by manipulating the parameters in the probability space

THE CYCLIC WHOLENESS OF BING, TAO AND LAW IN SUN TZU’S THE ART OF WAR

The Art of War by Sun Tzu (Pingyin: Sunzi Bing Fa)is well-known as one of the oldest writings in Chinesehistory attributed to an individual author. It is the mostfamous treatise of the Military School (Bingjia), of TheHundred Schools of Thought of the Pre-Qin and Han period.However, the text is often misunderstood in the based uponthe misunderstanding of its terms. Readers and scholarsoften interpret the text in a pragmatic or utilitarian way,ignoring its philosophical Taoist subtexts. In the text, theterm translated as war – Bing – is related to two complicatedphilosophical terms and concepts: Tao (Dao) and Law (Fa).Therefore, for fully understanding Sun Tzu’s philosophicaltreatise on Bing, this paper will investigate, how changesof Tao (Dao) and Law (Fa) in relation to Bing occur in aholistic cycle. Bing, Tao and Law must be coordinated,otherwise any operation whether military or political willnot be in conformity with the Grand Tao, and will not beable to achieve its aims