Synthetic gauge potential and effective magnetic field in a Raman medium undergoing molecular modulation

We theoretically demonstrate non-trivial topological effects for a probe field in a Raman medium undergoing molecular modulation processes. The medium is driven by two non-collinear pump beams. We show that the angle between the pumps is related to an effective gauge potential and an effective magnetic field for the probe field in the synthetic space consisting of a synthetic frequency dimension and a spatial dimension. As a result of such effective magnetic field, the probe field can exhibit topologically-protected one-way edge state in the synthetic space, as well as Landau levels which manifests as suppression of both diffraction and sideband generation. Our work identifies a previously unexplored route towards creating topological photonics effects, and highlights an important connection between topological photonics and nonlinear optics

Clinical Features and Genetic Analysis of 20 Chinese Patients with X-Linked Hyper-IgM Syndrome

X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIGM) is one type of primary immunodeficiency diseases, resulting from defects in the CD40 ligand/CD40 signaling pathways. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and molecular features of 20 Chinese patients diagnosed and followed up in hospitals affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from 1999 to 2013. The median onset age of these patients was 8.5 months (range: 20 days–21 months). Half of them had positive family histories, with a shorter diagnosis lag. The most common symptoms were recurrent sinopulmonary infections (18 patients, 90%), neutropenia (14 patients, 70%), oral ulcer (13 patients, 65%), and protracted diarrhea (13 patients, 65%). Six patients had BCGitis. Six patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplantations and four of them had immune reconstructions and clinical remissions. Eighteen unique mutations in CD40L gene were identified in these 20 patients from 19 unrelated families, with 12 novel mutations. We compared with reported mutation results and used bioinformatics software to predict the effects of mutations on the target protein. These mutations reflected the heterogeneity of CD40L gene and expanded our understanding of XHIGM

8-Bromo-3-(cyclo­propanylcarbon­yl)-5-methyl­indolizine-1-carbonitrile

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H11BrN2O, contains three independent mol­ecules with very similar geometries. The dihedral angles between the side chain of the cyclo­propyl plane and the five-membered ring to which it is attached are 55.0 (2), 58.1 (2) and 60.2 (3)° for the three mol­ecules. Each mol­ecule forms an intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond