553 research outputs found
(E)-Isopentyl 3-(3,4-dihyÂdroxyÂphenÂyl)Âacrylate
The title compound, C14H18O4, a derivative of caffeic acid, has an E configuration about the C=C bond. The benzene ring is almost coplanar with the C=C—C(O)—O—C linker [maximum deviation = 0.050 (2) Å], making a dihedral angle of only 4.53 (2)°. In the molÂecule, the adjacent hyÂdroxy groups form an O—H⋯O interÂaction. In the crystal, molÂecules are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a chain propagating in the [110] direction
FlattenQuant: Breaking Through the Inference Compute-bound for Large Language Models with Per-tensor Quantization
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance
across various tasks. However, the latency of inference and the large GPU
memory consumption of LLMs restrict their deployment performance. Recently,
there have been some efficient attempts to quantize LLMs, yet inference with
large batch size or long sequence still has the issue of being compute-bound.
Fine-grained quantization methods have showcased their proficiency in achieving
low-bit quantization for LLMs, while requiring FP16 data type for linear layer
computations, which is time-consuming when dealing with large batch size or
long sequence. In this paper, we introduce a method called FlattenQuant, which
significantly reduces the maximum value of the tensor by flattening the large
channels in the tensor, to achieve low bit per-tensor quantization with minimal
accuracy loss. Our experiments show that FlattenQuant can directly use 4 bits
to achieve 48.29% of the linear layer calculation in LLMs, with the remaining
layers using 8 bits. The 4-bit matrix multiplication introduced in the
FlattenQuant method can effectively address the compute-bound caused by large
matrix calculation. Our work achieves up to 2 speedup and 2.3
memory reduction for LLMs with negligible loss in accuracy
Robo-centric ESDF: A Fast and Accurate Whole-body Collision Evaluation Tool for Any-shape Robotic Planning
For letting mobile robots travel flexibly through complicated environments,
increasing attention has been paid to the whole-body collision evaluation. Most
existing works either opt for the conservative corridor-based methods that
impose strict requirements on the corridor generation, or ESDF-based methods
that suffer from high computational overhead. It is still a great challenge to
achieve fast and accurate whole-body collision evaluation. In this paper, we
propose a Robo-centric ESDF (RC-ESDF) that is pre-built in the robot body frame
and is capable of seamlessly applied to any-shape mobile robots, even for those
with non-convex shapes. RC-ESDF enjoys lazy collision evaluation, which retains
only the minimum information sufficient for whole-body safety constraint and
significantly speeds up trajectory optimization. Based on the analytical
gradients provided by RC-ESDF, we optimize the position and rotation of robot
jointly, with whole-body safety, smoothness, and dynamical feasibility taken
into account. Extensive simulation and real-world experiments verified the
reliability and generalizability of our method.Comment: Accepted at IROS 202
Activation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Is Critical for Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are recognized as candidate progenitor cells for bone regeneration. However, the mechanism of hUCMSC osteogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling is involved in hUCMSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Particularly, the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p38 signaling pathways maintained a consistent level in hUCMSCs through the entire 21-day osteogenic differentiation period. At the same time, the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling significantly increased from day 5, peaked at day 9, and declined thereafter. Moreover, gene profiling of osteogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement, and alizarin red staining demonstrated that the application of U0126, a specific inhibitor for ERK activation, completely prohibited hUCMSC osteogenic differentiation. However, when U0126 was removed from the culture at day 9, ERK activation and osteogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs were partially recovered. Together, these findings demonstrate that the activation of ERK signaling is essential for hUCMSC osteogenic differentiation, which points out the significance of ERK signaling pathway to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs as an alternative cell source for bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2016 Chen-Shuang Li et al
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