11,850 research outputs found
A Systemic Receptor Network Triggered by Human cytomegalovirus Entry
Virus entry is a multistep process that triggers a variety of cellular
pathways interconnecting into a complex network, yet the molecular complexity
of this network remains largely unsolved. Here, by employing systems biology
approach, we reveal a systemic virus-entry network initiated by human
cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a widespread opportunistic pathogen. This network
contains all known interactions and functional modules (i.e. groups of
proteins) coordinately responding to HCMV entry. The number of both genes and
functional modules activated in this network dramatically declines shortly,
within 25 min post-infection. While modules annotated as receptor system, ion
transport, and immune response are continuously activated during the entire
process of HCMV entry, those for cell adhesion and skeletal movement are
specifically activated during viral early attachment, and those for immune
response during virus entry. HCMV entry requires a complex receptor network
involving different cellular components, comprising not only cell surface
receptors, but also pathway components in signal transduction, skeletal
development, immune response, endocytosis, ion transport, macromolecule
metabolism and chromatin remodeling. Interestingly, genes that function in
chromatin remodeling are the most abundant in this receptor system, suggesting
that global modulation of transcriptions is one of the most important events in
HCMV entry. Results of in silico knock out further reveal that this entire
receptor network is primarily controlled by multiple elements, such as EGFR
(Epidermal Growth Factor) and SLC10A1 (sodium/bile acid cotransporter family,
member 1). Thus, our results demonstrate that a complex systemic network, in
which components coordinating efficiently in time and space contributes to
virus entry.Comment: 26 page
Low field phase diagram of spin-Hall effect in the mesoscopic regime
When a mesoscopic two dimensional four-terminal Hall cross-bar with Rashba
and/or Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is subjected to a perpendicular
uniform magnetic field , both integer quantum Hall effect (IQHE) and
mesoscopic spin-Hall effect (MSHE) may exist when disorder strength in the
sample is weak. We have calculated the low field "phase diagram" of MSHE in the
plane for disordered samples in the IQHE regime. For weak disorder,
MSHE conductance and its fluctuations vanish identically
on even numbered IQHE plateaus, they have finite values on those odd numbered
plateaus induced by SOI, and they have values and
on those odd numbered plateaus induced by Zeeman energy. For moderate disorder,
the system crosses over into a regime where both and are
finite. A larger disorder drives the system into a chaotic regime where
while is finite. Finally at large disorder both
and vanish. We present the physics behind this ``phase
diagram".Comment: 4 page, 3 figure
Computer-aided modeling and prediction of performance of the modified Lundell class of alternators in space station solar dynamic power systems
The main purpose of this project is the development of computer-aided models for purposes of studying the effects of various design changes on the parameters and performance characteristics of the modified Lundell class of alternators (MLA) as components of a solar dynamic power system supplying electric energy needs in the forthcoming space station. Key to this modeling effort is the computation of magnetic field distribution in MLAs. Since the nature of the magnetic field is three-dimensional, the first step in the investigation was to apply the finite element method to discretize volume, using the tetrahedron as the basic 3-D element. Details of the stator 3-D finite element grid are given. A preliminary look at the early stage of a 3-D rotor grid is presented
Furstenberg sets estimate in the plane
We fully resolve the Furstenberg set conjecture in , that a
-Furstenberg set has Hausdorff dimension . As a result, we obtain an analogue of Elekes' bound for the discretized
sum-product problem and resolve an orthogonal projection question of Oberlin.Comment: 23 page
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