96 research outputs found
Neural Novel Actor: Learning a Generalized Animatable Neural Representation for Human Actors
We propose a new method for learning a generalized animatable neural human
representation from a sparse set of multi-view imagery of multiple persons. The
learned representation can be used to synthesize novel view images of an
arbitrary person from a sparse set of cameras, and further animate them with
the user's pose control. While existing methods can either generalize to new
persons or synthesize animations with user control, none of them can achieve
both at the same time. We attribute this accomplishment to the employment of a
3D proxy for a shared multi-person human model, and further the warping of the
spaces of different poses to a shared canonical pose space, in which we learn a
neural field and predict the person- and pose-dependent deformations, as well
as appearance with the features extracted from input images. To cope with the
complexity of the large variations in body shapes, poses, and clothing
deformations, we design our neural human model with disentangled geometry and
appearance. Furthermore, we utilize the image features both at the spatial
point and on the surface points of the 3D proxy for predicting person- and
pose-dependent properties. Experiments show that our method significantly
outperforms the state-of-the-arts on both tasks. The video and code are
available at https://talegqz.github.io/neural_novel_actor
STW-MD: A Novel Spatio-Temporal Weighting and Multi-Step Decision Tree Method for Considering Spatial Heterogeneity in Brain Gene Expression Data
Motivation: Gene expression during brain development or abnormal development
is a biological process that is highly dynamic in spatio and temporal. Due to
the lack of comprehensive integration of spatial and temporal dimensions of
brain gene expression data, previous studies have mainly focused on individual
brain regions or a certain developmental stage. Our motivation is to address
this gap by incorporating spatio-temporal information to gain a more complete
understanding of the mechanisms underlying brain development or disorders
associated with abnormal brain development, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD),
and to identify potential determinants of response.
Results: In this study, we propose a novel two-step framework based on
spatial-temporal information weighting and multi-step decision trees. This
framework can effectively exploit the spatial similarity and temporal
dependence between different stages and different brain regions, and facilitate
differential gene analysis in brain regions with high heterogeneity. We focus
on two datasets: the AD dataset, which includes gene expression data from
early, middle, and late stages, and the brain development dataset, spanning
fetal development to adulthood. Our findings highlight the advantages of the
proposed framework in discovering gene classes and elucidating their impact on
brain development and AD progression across diverse brain regions and stages.
These findings align with existing studies and provide insights into the
processes of normal and abnormal brain development.
Availability: The code of STW-MD is available at
https://github.com/tsnm1/STW-MD.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
A Comprehensive Review of the Composition, Nutritional Value, and Functional Properties of Camel Milk Fat
From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-09-06, pub-electronic 2021-09-13Publication status: PublishedFunder: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Grant(s): 31701558Funder: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Grant(s): JUSRP12004Funder: China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Grant(s): 2021M691291Recently, camel milk (CM) has been considered as a health-promoting icon due to its medicinal and nutritional benefits. CM fat globule membrane has numerous health-promoting properties, such as anti-adhesion and anti-bacterial properties, which are suitable for people who are allergic to cow’s milk. CM contains milk fat globules with a small size, which accounts for their rapid digestion. Moreover, it also comprises lower amounts of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids concurrent with higher levels of essential fatty acids than cow milk, with an improved lipid profile manifested by reducing cholesterol levels in the blood. In addition, it is rich in phospholipids, especially plasmalogens and sphingomyelin, suggesting that CM fat may meet the daily nutritional requirements of adults and infants. Thus, CM and its dairy products have become more attractive for consumers. In view of this, we performed a comprehensive review of CM fat’s composition and nutritional properties. The overall goal is to increase knowledge related to CM fat characteristics and modify its unfavorable perception. Future studies are expected to be directed toward a better understanding of CM fat, which appears to be promising in the design and formulation of new products with significant health-promoting benefits
Diverse Krill Lipid Fractions Differentially Reduce LPS-Induced Inflammatory Markers in RAW264.7 Macrophages In Vitro
Antarctic krill oil is an emerging marine lipid and expected to be a potential functional food due to its diverse nutrients, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), phospholipids, astaxanthin and tocopherols. Although krill oil has been previously proved to have anti-inflammatory activity, there is little information about the relationship between its chemical compositions and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, the RAW264.7 macrophages model was used to elucidate and compare the anti-inflammatory potential of different krill lipid fractions: KLF-A, KLF-H and KLF-E, which have increasing phospholipids, EPA and DHA contents but decreasing astaxanthin and tocopherols levels. Results showed that all the krill lipid fractions alleviated the inflammatory reaction by inhibition of production of nitric oxide (NO), release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and gene expression of proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, KLF-E with the highest phospholipids, EPA and DHA contents showed the strongest inhibition effect on the LPS-induced proinflammatory mediator release and their gene expressions. The results would be helpful to provide powerful insights into the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of krill lipid and guiding the production of krill oil products with tailor-made anti-inflammatory activity
Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Mechanism of Enzymatic Degradation of Zearalenone in Degummed Corn Oil
The kinetics and thermodynamics of the enzymatic degradation of zearalenone (ZEN) in degummed corn oil were investigated by analyzing the impacts of temperature, pH, ZEN hydrolase dosage and ZEN concentration on the initial reaction rate. The kinetic study found that the maximum reaction rate was 0.97 μmol × kg−1 min−1, the Michaelis constant (Km) was 11,476 μmol × kg−1 and the Michaelis equation was V = 0.97[S]/(11,476 + [S]). The thermodynamic study showed that the activation energy (Ea) was 70.37 kJ·mol−1, the activation enthalpy change of the reaction (ΔH) > 0, the free energy of activation (ΔG) > 0 and the activation entropy change (ΔS) 2O, followed by generating the intermediate W-ZEN-H2O under the action of a degrading enzyme. Then, the lactone bond was opened to produce C18H24O6, and finally the decarboxylation product C17H24O4 formed automatically
Degradation of aflatoxin B1 in peanut meal by electron beam irradiation
The effects and safety of electron beam irradiation (EBI) treatment on the detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the peanut meal were evaluated in this article. The AFB1 degradation was predominantly affected by both initial AFB1 and water concentrations. The degradation of AFB1 in the selected concentrations (0.5–5 ppm) was proven to follow pseudo first-order reaction kinetics (R2 > 0.95). The AFB1 degradation was faster when the initial concentration was 5 ppm and the moisture content was 21.47%, in comparison with the initial concentration of 1 ppm and 0.5 ppm and the moisture content of 14.32% and 8.74%, respectively. The Ames and cytotoxicity tests were employed to evaluate the residual toxicity of EBI-treated peanut meal. The mutagenic activity of EB-treated samples was completely lost compared with that of untreated samples and the degradation products in peanut meal has almost no cell toxicity
Removal of Zearalenone from Degummed Corn Oil by Hydrolase on a Batch-Refining Unit
The removal of zearalenone (ZEN) from degummed corn oil (DCO) using hydrolase on a batch-refining unit was studied. According to single-factor and response surface experiments, the optimum technological conditions for reaching the maximum degradation rate were a temperature of 39.01 °C, a pH of 8.08, a time of 3.9 h, and an enzyme dosage of 44.7 mg/kg, whereby the rate of ZEN degradation can reach 94.66%. Different effects on the removal of ZEN were observed at different initial ZEN contents under the optimal technological conditions, of which the decrease was rapid for high ZEN content and slow for low ZEN content
Evaluation of Fatty Acid Distributions and Triacylglycerol Species in Sow Milk and Commercial Piglet Formulas : A Comparative Study Based on Fat Sources and Lactation Stages
Total fatty acid and sn-2 fatty acid compositions, and triacylglycerol (TAG) species in 130 sow colostrum, 100 sow milk, and 22 piglet formula samples were analyzed in the present study. Significant differences were found in concentrations of medium chain-saturated fatty acids (MC-SFAs) and distributions of palmitic acid (P) and oleic (O)/linoleic (L) acid. The levels of MC-SFAs in sow colostrum and sow milk fats (2.4–3.1%) were significantly lower than those in piglet formulas (7.9–27.2%). Approximately 63% of palmitic acid was located at the sn-2 position in both sow colostrum and milk fats, which was significantly higher than in piglet formula fats (21.1–39.1%). Correspondingly, only 17.8–28.3% of oleic and linoleic acids were at the sn-2 position in sow milk fats, contributing to their typical triacylglycerol structure in sow colostrum and milk, whose palmitic acid connected to the sn-2 position and unsaturated fatty acids located at the sn-1,3 positions. Sow colostrum, milk, and piglet formulas were notably distinguished into three groups based on their fatty acids and TAGs, among which triacylglycerols were the most differentiated index. A total of 51 TAG species (including their isomers) differed significantly between sow colostrum and milk and piglet formulas. OPL and OPO were the most important differentiating TAGs. The large amount of sn-2 esterified palmitic acid plays a key role in improving the absorption of fat and calcium. The results provide suggestions for design of sow milk fat equivalents
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