Multi-Decadal Change of Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Effect on Surface Radiation

We present an investigation on multi-decadal changes of atmospheric aerosols and their effects on surface radiation using a global chemistry transport model along with the near-term to long-term data records. We focus on a 28-year time period of satellite era from 1980 to 2007, during which a suite of aerosol data from satellite observations and ground-based remote sensing and in-situ measurements have become available. We analyze the long-term global and regional aerosol optical depth and concentration trends and their relationship to the changes of emissions" and assess the role aerosols play in the multi-decadal change of solar radiation reaching the surface (known as "dimming" or "brightening") at different regions of the world, including the major anthropogenic source regions (North America, Europe, Asia) that have been experiencing considerable changes of emissions, dust and biomass burning regions that have large interannual variabilities, downwind regions that are directly affected by the changes in the source area, and remote regions that are considered to representing "background" conditions

The mechanism of the polarization dependence of the optical transmission in subwavelength metal hole arrays

We investigate the mechanism of extraordinary optical transmission in subwave-length metal hole arrays. Experimental results for the arrays consisting of square or rectangle holes are well explained about the dependence of transmission strength on the polarization direction of the incident light. This polarization dependence occurs in each single-hole. For a hole array, there is in addition an interplay between the adjacent holes which is caused by the transverse magnetic field of surface plasmon polariton on the metal film surfaces. Based on the detailed study of a single-hole and two-hole structures, a simple method to calculate the total tranmissivity of hole arrays is proposed.Comment: 34 pages, 7 figure

2,2′-(Decane-1,10-di­yl)dibenz­imid­azo­lium dichloride trihydrate

The organic cation in the title compound, C24H32N4 2+·2Cl−·3H2O, is situated on an inversion centre. The cations, anions and water mol­ecules are linked via N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Cl, O—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π interactions, forming a three-dimensional framework