3,708 research outputs found
Unselective regrowth of 1.5-μm InGaAsP multiple-quantum-well distributed-feedback buried heterostructure lasers
Unselective regrowth for fabricating 1.5-μm InGaAsP multiple-quantum well (MQW) distributed-feedback (DFB) buried heterostructure (BH) lasers is developed. The experimental results exhibit superior characteristics, such as a low threshold of 8.5mA, high slope efficiency of 0.55mW∕mA, circular-like far-field patterns, the narrow linewidth of 2.5MHz, etc. The high performance of the devices effectively proves the feasibility of the new method to fabricate buried heterostructure lasers
Early growth response gene 2 (Egr-2) controls the self-tolerance of T cells and prevents the development of lupuslike autoimmune disease
© 2008 Zhu et al. This article is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).Maintaining tolerance of T cells to self-antigens is essential to avoid autoimmune disease. How self-reactive T cells are kept functionally inactive is, however, unknown. In this study, we show that early growth response gene 2 (Egr-2), a zinc-finger transcription factor, is expressed in CD44(high) T cells and controls their proliferation and activation. In the absence of Egr-2, CD44(high), but not CD44(low) T cells, are hyperreactive and hyperproliferative in vivo. The accumulation of activated CD4(+)CD44(high) T cells leads to the development of a late onset lupuslike autoimmune disease characterized by the accumulation of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4(+) T cells, loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens, massive infiltration of T cells into multiple organs and glomerulonephritis. We found that the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21cip1 was impaired in Egr-2-deficient T cells, whereas the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-17 in response to T cell receptor ligation was significantly increased, suggesting that Egr-2 activates the expression of genes involved in the negative regulation of T cell proliferation and inflammation. These results demonstrate that Egr-2 is an intrinsic regulator of effector T cells and controls the expansion of self-reactive T cells and development of autoimmune disease.The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences
Research Council, the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust
A biphotons double slit experiment
In this paper we present a double slit experiment where two undistinguishable
photons produced by type I PDC are sent each to a well defined slit. Data about
the diffraction and interference patterns for coincidences are presented and
discussed. An analysis of these data allows a first test of standard quantum
mechanics against de Broglie-Bohm theory
A Xenon Condenser with a Remote Liquid Storage Vessel
We describe the design and operation of a system for xenon liquefaction in
which the condenser is separated from the liquid storage vessel. The condenser
is cooled by a pulse tube cryocooler, while the vessel is cooled only by the
liquid xenon itself. This arrangement facilitates liquid particle detector
research by allowing easy access to the upper and lower flanges of the vessel.
We find that an external xenon gas pump is useful for increasing the rate at
which cooling power is delivered to the vessel, and we present measurements of
the power and efficiency of the apparatus.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures Corrected typos in authors lis
Poynting vector, energy density and energy velocity in anomalous dispersion medium
The Poynting vector, energy density and energy velocity of light pulses
propagating in anomalous dispersion medium (used in WKD-like experiments) are
calculated. Results show that a negative energy density in the medium
propagates along opposite of incident direction with such a velocity similar to
the negative group velocity while the direction of the Poynting vector is
positive. In other words, one might say that a positive energy density in the
medium would propagate along the positive direction with a speed having
approximately the absolute valueof the group velocity. We further point out
that neither energy velocity nor group velocity is a good concept to describe
the propagation process of light pulse inside the medium in WKD experiment
owing to the strong accumulation and dissipation effects.Comment: 6 page
Comparison of Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model with 4 π Heavy Ion Data
Streamer chamber data for collisions of Ar + KCl and Ar + BaI2 at 1.2 GeV/nucleon are compared with microscopic model predictions based on the Vlasov-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation, for various density-dependent nuclear equations of state. Multiplicity distributions and inclusive rapidity and transverse momentum spectra are in good agreement. Rapidity spectra show evidence of being useful in determining whether the model uses the correct cross sections for binary collisions in the nuclear medium, and whether momentum-dependent interactions are correctly incorporated. Sideward flow results do not favor the same nuclear stiffness parameter at all multiplicities
Apparent Superluminal Behavior
The apparent superluminal propagation of electromagnetic signals seen in
recent experiments is shown to be the result of simple and robust properties of
relativistic field equations. Although the wave front of a signal passing
through a classically forbidden region can never move faster than light, an
attenuated replica of the signal is reproduced ``instantaneously'' on the other
side of the barrier. The reconstructed signal, causally connected to the
forerunner rather than the bulk of the input signal, appears to move through
the barrier faster than light.Comment: 8 pages, no figure
Analysis of the Y(4140) and related molecular states with QCD sum rules
In this article, we assume that there exist scalar , , and
molecular states, and study their masses using
the QCD sum rules. The numerical results indicate that the masses are about
above the corresponding ,
, and thresholds, the Y(4140) is unlikely a scalar molecular state. The scalar ,
, and molecular states maybe not exist, while the scalar , , and
molecular states maybe exist.Comment: 19 pages, 36 figures, slight revisio
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