Type-Directed Weaving of Aspects for Higher-order Functional Languages

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has been shown to be a useful model for software development. Special care must be taken when we try to adapt AOP to strongly typed functional languages which come with features like a type inference mechanism, polymorphic types, higher-order functions and type-scoped pointcuts. Our main contribution lies in a seamless integration of these two paradigms through a static weaving process which deals with around advices with type-scoped pointcuts in the presence of higher-order functions. We give a source-level type inference system for a higher-order, polymorphic language coupled with type-scoped pointcuts. The type system ensures that base programs are oblivious to the type of around advices. We present a type-directed translation scheme which resolves all advice applications at static time. The translation removes advice declarations from source programs and produces translated code which is typable in the Hindley-Milner system

On the Pursuit of Static and Coherent Weaving

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) has been shown to be a useful model for software development. Special care must be taken when we try to adapt AOP to strongly typed functional languages which come with features like type inference mechanism, polymorphic types, higher-order functions and type-scoped pointcuts. Specifically, it is highly desirable that weaving of aspect-oriented functional programs can be performed statically and coherently. In [13], we showed a type-directed weaver which resolves all advice chainings coherently at static time. The novelty of this paper lies in the extended framework which supports static and coherent weaving in the presence of polymorphic recursive functions, advising advice bodies and higher-order advices

Role of Laparoscopic Lymphadenectomy in the Management of Cervical Cancer

SummaryCervical cancer is the most prevalent genital tract neoplasm in Taiwan. Generally speaking, surgical staging is superior to clinical staging since histologic verification of tumor extent correlates better with the biologic behavior of disease. However, a major shortcoming of surgical staging by laparotomy is not only its association with high morbidity and prolonged recovery time, but also the development of postoperative peritoneal adhesions. Adhesion formation limits the mobility of the intestinal loops and exposes them to excess irradiation. The ability to prevent postoperative peritoneal adhesions is the impetus behind the ongoing investigation into the use of laparoscopic surgery. This outstanding feature of laparoscopy is extremely significant in the management of patients with cervical cancer, who are subjected to radiotherapy after lymphadenectomy. Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy, either partial (lymph node sampling) or complete, leads to minimal postoperative peritoneal adhesions and permits accurate assessment of the extent of disease for cervical cancer patients with early or advanced disease. This paper reviews recent reports and updates available information concerning the current practice of laparoscopic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in the management of cervical cancer. Various aspects of laparoscopic lymphadenectomy and its clinical role are addressed here, including complications and any controversial issues

Biodegradation of mixed wastes : basic kinetics and reaction engineering for cyclic reactor operation

This study dealt with the determination of the detailed kinetics of the biodegradation of mixed substrates by pure cultures, and with reaction engineering studies of bioreactors employed in treatment of substitutable substrates under cyclic operation. In the first part of the study the degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) by two strains of Pseudomonas species was investigated. Strain P. putida 0 was found to be capable of utilizing both phenol and 4-CP as sole carbon and energy sources. This suggests that this strain follows the ortho-cleavage pathway for the aromatic ring. Strain P. putida N could grow on phenol, and in its presence, could transform 4-CP to intermediates which are long-lived and do not serve as carbon and/or energy sources for the culture. These results suggest that P. putida N follows the meta-cleavage pathway for the aromatic ring. The second part of the study dealt with the kinetics of glucose and phenol utilization by a pure culture of P. putida OR. It was found that the two substrates could serve as carbon and energy sources for the culture. The two substrates were used simultaneously, but were involved in a cross-inhibitory uncompetitive kinetic interaction. Inhibition from glucose on phenol removal was stronger. The kinetics were described by detailed mathematical expressions. Based on the kinetic expressions obtained in the second part of the study, a detailed model describing biodegradation of phenol/glucose mixtures in a continuously operated cyclic reactor was derived. The dynamics of the system were studied numerically with computer codes based on the bifurcation theory for forced systems. The results, presented in the form of two-dimensional operating diagrams, show that there are regions in the parameter space where multistability occurs. The theoretical predictions were tested in experiments with a fully automated laboratory-scale unit. The experimental data validated the theoretical predictions. The quantitative agreement between theory and experiments was excellent. The experimentally validated model can be used in design and process optimization studies