Solar Panels Based on a Flexible Material the Quad-Rotor UAV System

In view of the current practical application of solar UAV, insufficient endurance, poor stability, poor practicality and low solar energy utilization. We have designed a new four-rotor drone aircraft with solar energy and flexible materials (such as perovskite) as solar panels

Particle Swarm Algorithm to Optimize LSTM Short-Term Load Forecasting

Accurate load forecasting is of great significance for national and grid planning and management. In order to improve the accuracy of short-term load forecasting, an LSTM prediction model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO)algorithm is proposed. LSTM has the characteristics of avoiding gradient disappearance and gradient explosion, but there is a problem that parameters are difficult to select. Therefore, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to help it select parameters. The experimental results show that the optimized LSTM has higher prediction accuracy

Commercialization of a 2nd generation intensified perfusion process during life cycle management

Continuous biomanufacturing provides many advantages for the production of therapeutic proteins through process integration, automation and intensification. Sanofi is currently developing robust cell culture processes using ATF perfusion technology to achieve improved volumetric productivity with consistent product quality. This presentation is a case study on how we applied intensified process technology on product commercialization. Using QbD approach, we successfully implemented an intensified perfusion process coupled with continuous capturing on a commercial product life cycle management. For the 2nd generation process, entire production and capturing stage is fully integrated and automated. The new perfusion process comprises of high cell density and achieves significant increase in volumetric productivity, which allows a substantial footprint reduction and increases flexibility in a new facility. More importantly, product quality was remarkably comparable with the 1st generation process. Dramatic improvement in process robustness and consistency were demonstrated as well. Facilitated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, we successfully scaled up to commercial scale. In support of technology transfer and manufacturing, process control strategy was drafted based on the results of bioreactor characterization using univariate and multivariate studies

Oscillation of mineral compositions in Core SG-1b, western Qaidam Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau

Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since the Late Miocene has greatly affected the nature of sediments deposited in the Qaidam Basin. However, due to the scarcity of continuously dated sediment records, we know little about how minerals responded to this uplift. In order to understand this response, we here present results from the high-resolution mineral profile from a borehole (7.3–1.6 Ma) in the Basin, which shows systematic oscillations of various evaporite and clay minerals that can be linked to the variation of regional climate and tectonic history. In particular, x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show that carbonate minerals consist mainly of calcite and aragonite, with minor ankerite and dolomite. Evaporates consist of gypsum, celesite and halite. Clay minerals are principally Fe-Mg illite, mixed layers of illite/smectite and chlorite, with minor kaolinite and smectite. Following implications can be drawn from the oscillations of these minerals phases: (a) the paleolake was brackish with high salinity after 7.3 Ma, while an abrupt change in the chemical composition of paleolake water (e.g. Mg/Ca ratio, SO4 2− concentration, salinity) occurred at 3.3 Ma; (b) the three changes at ~6.0 Ma, 4.5–4.1 Ma and 3.3 Ma were in response to rapid erosions/uplift of the basin; (c) pore water or fluid was Fe/Mg-rich in 7.3–6.0 Ma, Mg-rich in 6.0–4.5 Ma, and K-rich in 4.1–1.6 Ma; and (d) evaporation rates were high, but weaker than today’s

Process scale up and characterization of an intensified perfusion process

Continuous biomanufacturing provides many advantages for the production of therapeutic proteins through process integration, automation and intensification. Sanofi currently has developed a robust and integrated continuous biomanufacturing platform to achieve improved volumetric productivity and consistent product quality. Process intensification reduces the physical footprint as well as capital and operating expenses of manufacturing facilities. This presentation is a case study on the implementation of the intensified process for commercialization of a biotherapeutic product. Using a QbD approach, we successfully implemented an intensified perfusion process coupled with continuous product capture for a commercial product. High cell densities have resulted in a significant increase in volumetric productivity, which allows a substantial footprint reduction and increases flexibility in the commercial facility. To understand the impact of process parameters on critical quality attributes (CQAs), univariate and multivariate studies were conducted in small scale bioreactors. Mix model repeated measurement was applied in the data analysis to incorporate time-dependent information into the predictive model. This was followed by Monte Carlo simulation to determine proven acceptable ranges (PARs) for critical process parameters in support of process control strategy (PCS). Facilitated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, we successfully scaled up the process to commercial scale. In this presentation, challenges associated with application of QbD approach for a perfusion process and the advantages of an intensified perfusion process will be discussed

Delivering steady-state product quality with an intensified and integrated perfusion cell culture process

Continuous biomanufacturing provides many important strategic advantages for the production of protein therapeutics through process integration, simplification and intensification. To achieve upstream process intensification, Sanofi is currently developing robust cell culture processes that can achieve ultra-high cell densities and productivities (“push to high”) while minimizing cell-specific perfusion rates (“push to low”). We have applied ATF perfusion technology and improved the cell culture environment to achieve high cell densities and volumetric productivities with minimal ATF filter fouling. Meanwhile, we have employed high-throughput screening strategies to increase medium depth and reduce medium requirements. We will describe results as well as ongoing efforts to further intensify this continuous cell culture platform and realize even more of its significant upward potential. Continuous biomanufacturing also has the potential to deliver robust, steady-state product quality, resulting in enormous operational flexibility. Instead of traditionally defining batches by unit operation, product can be batched in time (first-in, first-out), removing downstream processing constraints and minimizing production cycle times. In this presentation, we use both theoretical models and experimental data to evaluate the effects of perfusion on product quality, considering the impact of perfusion-specific controllable parameters (e.g., perfusion rate, bleed rate, target viable cell density) on product quality. We also compare and contrast product quality attributes between perfusion and fed-batch processes and examine the feasibility of maintaining a process and product quality at steady state while presenting relevant, real-world case studies

Overcoming process intensification challenges to deliver a manufacturable and competitive integrated continuous biomanufacturing platform

Groups in both industry and academia have achieved high densities and productivities in perfusion cell culture processes. At Sanofi, we have demonstrated perfusion densities greater than 100 million cells/mL (with associated high productivities) at a cell-specific perfusion rate of only 20 pL/cell/day. This process intensification reduces the footprint of upstream unit operations as well as capital and operating expenses of manufacturing facilities. The continuous nature of perfusion cell culture also creates opportunities for integration of continuous downstream operations, leading to further process intensifications and volume reductions. In this presentation, we will discuss our work on several upstream challenges that must be overcome to create a manufacturable, continuous bioprocessing platform. These will include (1) mitigation strategies for the large shear forces accompanying the high sparge rates necessary to sustain a high-density culture, (2) efforts to minimize the economic and logistical burden of media cost and consumption in perfusion cell culture, (3) the challenge of maintaining consistent product quality over long durations and (4) scale-up of these intensified processes to 50-L and 500-L manufacturing-scale systems. We can address each of these areas to create an efficient, competitive cell culture platform that generates high cell viabilities and excellent product quality at manufacturing scales. We will demonstrate real-world examples of both enzyme and antibody-producing processes, showing that such a platform can reliably deliver good results across diverse products

Retention in Treated Wastewater Affects Survival and Deposition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Sand Columns

The fate and transport of pathogenic bacteria from wastewater treatment facilities in the Earth's subsurface have attracted extensive concern over recent decades, while the impact of treated-wastewater chemistry on bacterial viability and transport behavior remains unclear. The influence of retention time in effluent from a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant on the survival and deposition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains in sand columns was investigated in this paper. In comparison to the bacteria cultivated in nutrient-rich growth media, retention in treated wastewater significantly reduced the viability of all strains. Bacterial surface properties, e.g., zeta potential, hydrophobicity, and surface charges, varied dramatically in treated wastewater, though no universal trend was found for different strains. Retention in treated wastewater effluent resulted in changes in bacterial deposition in sand columns. Longer retention periods in treated wastewater decreased bacterial deposition rates for the strains evaluated and elevated the transport potential in sand columns. We suggest that the wastewater quality should be taken into account in estimating the fate of pathogenic bacteria discharged from wastewater treatment facilities and the risks they pose in the aquatic environment