Polarized Curvature Radiation in Pulsar Magnetosphere

The propagation of polarized emission in pulsar magnetosphere is investigated in this paper. The polarized waves are generated through curvature radiation from the relativistic particles streaming along curved magnetic field lines and co-rotating with the pulsar magnetosphere. Within the 1/{\deg} emission cone, the waves can be divided into two natural wave mode components, the ordinary (O) mode and the extraord nary (X) mode, with comparable intensities. Both components propagate separately in magnetosphere, and are aligned within the cone by adiabatic walking. The refraction of O-mode makes the two components separated and incoherent. The detectable emission at a given height and a given rotation phase consists of incoherent X-mode and O-mode components coming from discrete emission regions. For four particle-density models in the form of uniformity, cone, core and patches, we calculate the intensities for each mode numerically within the entire pulsar beam. If the co-rotation of relativistic particles with magnetosphere is not considered, the intensity distributions for the X-mode and O-mode components are quite similar within the pulsar beam, which causes serious depolarization. However, if the co-rotation of relativistic particles is considered, the intensity distributions of the two modes are very different, and the net polarization of out-coming emission should be significant. Our numerical results are compared with observations, and can naturally explain the orthogonal polarization modes of some pulsars. Strong linear polarizations of some parts of pulsar profile can be reproduced by curvature radiation and subsequent propagation effect.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA

Local sourcing of multinational enterprises in China

Purpose – Local sourcing from indigenous firms by multinational enterprises (MNEs) is an important channel through which the former may benefit from the positive externalities generated by the latter. The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent and determinants of local sourcing of MNEs. Design/methodology/approach – Employing a survey dataset covering 493 multinational subsidiaries in China during 1999-2005, this paper applies the two-limit Tobit model. Findings – It is found that an MNE's local sourcing decision is influenced by its strategies, characteristics such as size and learning ability and country-of-origin. More specifically, export-orientation strategy, joint venture strategy and networking with local suppliers positively affect local sourcing. Small and autonomous subsidiaries tend to source more locally. Age has a non-linear effect. The importance of these determinants varies with regions. Research limitations/implications – Aiming at capacity building and competitiveness of indigenous firms, the Chinese government has initiated local content requirement. This study shows that such policy intervention could be counterproductive. The creation of a more competitive business environment by the government could promote more linkages. Originality/value – Given its critical role in economic development, local sourcing by MNEs has attracted much attention. Only limited research has been carried out on FDI linkage effects in China, and the location effect on FDI linkages has not been examined. This study aims to fill the gap by using Chinese survey data

QCD Factorization for Quarkonium Production in Hadron Collions at Low Transverse Momentum

Inclusive production of a quarkonium $\eta_{c,b}$ in hadron collisions at low transverse momentum can be used to extract various Transverse-Momentum-Dependent(TMD) gluon distributions of hadrons, provided the TMD factorization for the process holds. The factorization involving unpolarized TMD gluon distributions of unpolarized hadrons has been examined with on-shell gluons at one-loop level. In this work we study the factorization at one-loop level with diagram approach in the most general case, where all TMD gluon distributions at leading twist are involved. We find that the factorization holds and the perturbative effects are represented by one perturbative coefficient. Since the initial gluons from hadrons are off-shell in general, there exists the so-called super-leading region found recently. We find that the contributions from this region can come from individual diagrams at one-loop level, but they are cancelled in the sum. Our factorized result for the differential cross-section is explicitly gauge-invariant.Comment: discussions and references are added. Published version on Phys. Rev.

Breakdown of the classical double copy for the effective action of dilaton-gravity at NNLO

We demonstrate that a recently proposed classical double copy procedure to construct the effective action of two massive particles in dilaton-gravity from the analogous problem of two color charged particles in Yang-Mills gauge theory fails at next-to-next-to-leading orders in the post-Minkowskian (3PM) or post-Newtonian (2PN) expansions

Geometric phase in dephasing systems

Beyond the quantum Markov approximation, we calculate the geometric phase of a two-level system driven by a quantized magnetic field subject to phase dephasing. The phase reduces to the standard geometric phase in the weak coupling limit and it involves the phase information of the environment in general. In contrast with the geometric phase in dissipative systems, the geometric phase acquired by the system can be observed on a long time scale. We also show that with the system decohering to its pointer states, the geometric phase factor tends to a sum over the phase factors pertaining to the pointer states.Comment: 4 page