Neighborhood Counting Measure Metric and Minimum Risk Metric: An empirical comparison

Wang in a PAMI paper proposed Neighborhood Counting Measure (NCM) as a similarity measure for the k-nearest neighbors classification algorithm. In his paper, Wang mentioned Minimum Risk Metric (MRM) an earlier method based on the minimization of the risk of misclassification. However, Wang did not compare NCM with MRM because of its allegedly excessive computational load. In this letter, we empirically compare NCM against MRM on k-NN with k=1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 with decision taken with a voting scheme and k=21 with decision taken with a weighted voting scheme on the same datasets used by Wang. Our results shows that MRM outperforms NCM for most of the k values tested. Moreover, we show that the MRM computation is not so probihibitive as indicated by Wang. ©2009 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE

Content analysis of social media for some sports institutions from the perspective of the sport community

This study aimed to analyze the content of social media in some sports institutions from the point of view of the sports community. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach to match it with the objectives of the study. A questionnaire was designed as a study tool to collect data. The study sample consisted of (315) members of the sports community in Jordan and used a package (SPSS) for statistical analysis of results, and the most prominent results of the study were as follows: It was found that the sports community relies heavily on social media as a source for sports news because of its immediate and rapid transmission of news and events, moment by moment, duplicate sports news in a different frame on social media reduces the credibility of institutions websites and reliance on them as a source of sports news by the sports community, The researchers recommend the following: Sports institutions should publish direct and short content suitable for smartphone applications, and sports institutions should build their own smart application to increase the extent of interaction and communication with followers, to have a team specialized in social media by institutions. Institutions must interact by covering all sports news and pay attention to quickly conveying the correct and reliable information as it is a reliable source for the sports community

The Effect of Using (PQ4R) Strategy in teaching history on Improving Eighth Grade Students\u27 Self-Efficacy

The current study aimed to identify the effect of using (PQ4R) strategy on improvingSelf-Efficacy among eighth-grade students in ‎Ein Al Bash\u27s Directorate of Education in Jordan. The sample of the study contained (50) students who were randomly divided into two equal groups: the experimental group (No. = 25) on which (PQ4R) strategy was applied, and the control group (No. = 25) where the strategy was not applied to. To achieve the study purposes, a self-efficacy scale was used, in addition to improving the first unit of eighth grade\u27s history book (The Abbasid State: it Manifestations and Mongol Invasion) through (PQ4R) strategy. The findings showed that there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of the average scores on the self-efficacy scale of the post-test in favor of the experimental group, which indicates the strategy effectiveness. Furthermore, the results of follow-up tests showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the self-efficacy scale between the post and follow-up tests of the experimental group, which reflects the stability of the results

Series coupled resonant tunneling diode oscillators for terahertz applications

A series of resonant tunneling diode oscillators with frequencies up to W-band and output power around one milliwatt are presented. To our knowledge, the 75.2 GHz RTD oscillator with -0.2 dBm output power is the highest power reported. The technique demonstrated here shows the great potential to scale up the design to terahertz frequencies. Jue Wang, Khalid Alharbi, Afesomeh Ofiare, Ata Khalid, Liquan Wang, David Cumming and Edward Wasig