Upskilling chinese SMEs:a holistic training model for enhanced employee performance and expertise development

Abstract. This research investigates the critical elements needed for a comprehensive training model geared towards upskilling employees in Chinese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It builds on the theoretical foundations of the Four-Component Instructional Design model (4C/ID) and Socially Shared Regulation in Learning (SSRL), extending its scope to explore additional components and their interrelationships within a holistic training model. The goal is to provide valuable insights into expertise development, addressing individual cognitive processes and social interactions in a multifaceted learning environment that integrates online and offline platforms. Data was collected from participants in five Chinese SMEs across various industries, using semi-structured interviews to capture insights into the model’s effectiveness. Inductive qualitative analysis identified nine key components crucial for a successful training model, including Learning Tasks, Supportive Information, Procedural Information, Part-task Practice, Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), Co-regulation, and Socially Shared Regulation, along with the analysis of the organisation’s current business needs and the assessment of employees’ competences. The study underscored the importance of understanding the intricate relationships be-tween these components. Consequently, the proposed Collaborative Competence-based Training Model (CCTM) combines the 4C/ID model with SSRL components and incorporates the two additional components discovered in the study. By adopting the CCTM, Chinese SMEs can enhance their training program’s effectiveness, improve their performance, and enhance competitiveness. However, this research’s limitations indicate the need for further studies with larger samples, objective data, and longitudinal approaches to better comprehend the impact of training and development across different industries

Analysis of the X(1576) as a tetraquark state with the QCD sum rules

In this letter, we take the point of view that the X(1576) be tetraquark state which consists of a scalar-diquark and an anti-scalar-diquark in relative $P$-wave, and calculate its mass in the framework of the QCD sum rules approach. The numerical value of the mass $m_X=(1.66\pm 0.14) GeV$ is consistent with the experimental data, there may be some tetraquark component in the vector meson X(1576).Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, second version, typos correcte

Analysis of the vertex D∗D∗ρD^*D^* \rho with the light-cone QCD sum rules

In this article, we analyze the vertex $D^*D^*\rho$ with the light-cone QCD sum rules. The strong coupling constant $g_{D^*D^*\rho}$ is an important parameter in evaluating the charmonium absorption cross sections in searching for the quark-gluon plasmas. Our numerical value for the $g_{D^*D^*\rho}$ is consistent with the prediction of the effective SU(4) symmetry and vector meson dominance theory.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, revised versio

Mass spectrum of the scalar hidden charm and bottom tetraquark states

In this article, we study the mass spectrum of the scalar hidden charm and bottom tetraquark states with the QCD sum rules. The numerical results are compared with the corresponding ones from a relativistic quark model based on a quasipotential approach in QCD. The relevant values from the constituent diquark model based on the constituent diquark masses and the spin-spin interactions are also discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 36 figures, slight revisio

Dynamic Pattern of Finite-Pulsed Beams inside One-dimensional Photonic Band Gap Materials

The dynamics of two-dimensional electromagnetic (EM) pulses through one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPC) has been theoretically studied. Employing the time expectation integral over the Poynting vector as the arrival time [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2370, (2000)], we show that the superluminal tunneling process of EM pulses is the propagation of the net forward-going Poynting vector through the 1DPC, and the Hartman effect is due to the saturation effect of the arrival time (smaller and smaller time accumulated) of the net forward energy flow caused by the interference effect of the forward and the backward field (from the interfaces of each layer) happened in the region before the 1DPC and in the front part of the 1DPC.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure

Thermoelectric property studies on thallium-doped lead telluride prepared by ball milling and hot pressing

Thallium doping into lead telluride has been demonstrated to increase the dimensionless thermoelectric figure-of-merit (ZT) by enhancing Seebeck coefficient due to the creation of resonant states close to Fermi level without affecting the thermal conductivity. However, the process is tedious, energy consuming, and small in quantities since it involves melting, slow cooling for crystal growth, long time annealing, post-crushing and hot pressing. Here we show that a similar ZT value about 1.3 at 400 °C is achieved on bulk samples with grain sizes of 3–7 μm by ball milling a mixture of elemental thallium, lead, and tellurium and then hot pressing the ball milled nanopowders

Analysis of the ΣQ\Sigma_Q baryons in the nuclear matter with the QCD sum rules

In this article, we extend our previous work to study the $\Sigma$-type heavy baryons $\Sigma_c$ and $\Sigma_b$ in the nuclear matter using the QCD sum rules, and obtain three coupled QCD sum rules for the masses $M_{\Sigma_Q}^*$, vector self-energies $\Sigma_v$ and pole residues $\lambda^*_{\Sigma_Q}$ in the nuclear matter. Then we take into account the effects of the unequal pole residues from different spinor structures, and normalize the masses from the QCD sum rules in the vacuum to the experimental data, and obtain the mass-shifts $\delta M_{\Sigma_c}=-123\,\rm{MeV}$ and $\delta M_{\Sigma_b}=-375\,\rm{MeV}$ in the nuclear matter.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, revised versio

Anharmonic force field and vibrational frequencies of tetrafluoromethane (CF4_4) and tetrafluorosilane (SiF4_4)

Accurate quartic anharmonic force fields for CF$_4$ and SiF$_4$ have been calculated using the CCSD(T) method and basis sets of $spdf$ quality. Based on the {\it ab initio} force field with a minor empirical adjustment, the vibrational energy levels of these two molecules and their isotopomers are calculated by means of high order Canonical Van Vleck Perturbation Theory(CVPT) based on curvilinear coordinates. The calculated energies agree very well with the experimental data. The full quadratic force field of CF$_4$ is further refined to the experimental data. The symmetrization of the Cartesian basis for any combination bands of $T_d$ group molecules is discussed using the circular promotion operator for the doubly degenerate modes, together with tabulated vector coupling coefficients. The extraction of the spectroscopic constants from our second order transformed Hamiltonian in curvilinear coordinates is discussed, and compared to a similar procedure in rectilinear coordinates.Comment: (submitted to J. Chem. Phys.

Radiative decays of the (0+,1+)(0^+,1^+) strange-bottom mesons

In this article, we assume that the $(0^+,1^+)$ strange-bottom mesons are the conventional $b\bar{s}$ mesons, and calculate the electromagnetic coupling constants $d$, $g_1$, $g_2$ and $g_3$ using the light-cone QCD sum rules. Then we study the radiative decays $B_{s0}\to B_s^* \gamma$, $B_{s1}\to B_s \gamma$, $B_{s1}\to B_s^* \gamma$ and $B_{s1}\to B_{s0} \gamma$, and observe that the widths are rather narrow. We can search for the $(0^+,1^+)$ strange-bottom mesons in the invariant $B_s \pi^0$ and $B^*_s \pi^0$ mass distributions in the strong decays or in the invariant $B_s^*\gamma$ and $B_s\gamma$ mass distributions in the radiative decays.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, revised versio