Insecticidal action of Drimys brasiliensis Miers on black citrus aphid

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effects of a hexane fraction and polygodial compound obtained from Drimys brasiliensis roots on the mortality of adults and nymphs of Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid). For the hexane fraction, solutions of 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 mg mL-1 were prepared, and for the compound, solutions of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg mL-1 were prepared. A control with water and dimethylsulfoxide (5 µg mL-1) was also included. Two hexane-fraction-solution application methods were evaluated: spraying directly onto the insect, and submerging a young Citrus limonia shoots in the solution, which served as a refuge for the aphids. Nymph and adult mortality were assessed at 24 and 48 h after solution application. The hexane fraction caused high mortality amongst the T. citricida nymphs and adults. The lowest LC50 value (0.301 mg mL) was recorded in the nymphs when the solutions were applied directly onto the insects. The polygodial compound that was isolated from the hexane fraction significantly increased the mortality of adults and nymphs, with LC50 values of 293.8 and 176.77 µg mL-1, respectively. The insecticidal activity observed may have been caused by this compound

Spatial distribution and esterase activity in populations of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) resistant to temephos

INTRODUCTION: The need for studies that describe the resistance patterns in populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in function of their region of origin justified this research, which aimed to characterize the resistance to temephos and to obtain information on esterase activity in populations of Aedes aegypti collected in municipalities of the State of Paraíba. METHODS: Resistance to temephos was evaluated and characterized from the diagnostic dose of 0.352mg i.a./L and multiple concentrations that caused mortalities between 5% and 99%. Electrophoresis of isoenzymes was used to verify the patterns of esterase activity among populations of the vector. RESULTS: All populations of Aedes aegypti were resistant to temephos, presenting a resistance rate (RR) greater than 20. The greatest lethal dose 50% of the sample (CL50) was found for the municipality of Lagoa Seca, approximately forty-one times the value of CL50 for the Rockefeller population. The populations characterized as resistant showed two to six regions of α and β-esterase, called EST-1 to EST-6, while the susceptible population was only seen in one region of activity. CONCLUSIONS: Aedes aegypti is widely distributed and shows a high degree of resistance to temephos in all municipalities studied. In all cases, esterases are involved in the metabolism and, consequently, in the resistance to temephos