Poly[[μ10-4,4′-(ethane-1,2-diyldi­oxy)dibenzoato]dipotassium]

The title salt, [K2(C16H12O6)]n, was obtained by the reaction of 1,2-bis­[4-(ethyl-carbox­yl)-phenox­yl]ethane with KOH in water. The anion lies on a crystallographic inversion center, which is located at the mid-point of the central C—C bond. The K+ cation is coordinated by six O atoms, two from the chelating carboxyl­ate group of the anion and four from four neighboring and monodentately binding anions, giving rise to an irregular [KO6] coordination polyhedron. The coordination mode of the cation leads to the formation of K/O layers parallel to (100). These layers are linked by the nearly coplanar anions (r.m.s. deviation of 0.064 Å of the carboxyl, aryl and O—CH2 groups from the least-squares plane) into a three-dimentional network

Spectral characteristics of surface-plasmon–enhanced photoluminescence in nanocrystalline SiC films

Multilayer structures of nanocrystalline (nc-) SiC/silicon nitride spacer/Ag island films were designed by varying the spacer thickness, and the spectral characteristics of surface-plasmons (SPs)–enhanced photoluminescence (PL) in nc-SiC films have been investigated. The optical transmission spectra show that there are two SPs resonant optical absorption bands in the out-of-plane and in-plane modes for the Ag island film on the sample surface. While PL quenching occurred for the sample with the thinnest spacer, the maximum PL enhancement for nc-SiC is achieved when the thickness of the spacer is suitable, suggesting that the SP enhancement can dominate over nonradiative energy dissipation by varying the spacer thickness. In the case of PL enhancement, the PL excitation spectrum shows an enhancement peak at the resonant wavelength of the out-of-plane mode of SPs, indicating that the excitation enhancement in nc-SiC films occurs due to the incident-light resonant coupling with out-of-plane SPs. Whereas, the increased PL decay rate is observed in the temporal PL spectrum, implying that the SPs scattering enhancement in the nc-SiC film is induced by in-plane SP resonant coupling. In the case of PL quenching, although an enhancement factor less than 1 is observed in the PL excitation spectrum, an increased light emission decay rate is also revealed in the temporal PL spectrum, which indicates that the nonradiative energy dissipation of light emission in the Ag island film is the main coupling mechanism when the spacer is too thin

Cyclic loading test of three-bay RC space frame strengthened with X-shape RC braces

© 2015, RILEM. Previous studies showed improved seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) plane frames by adding RC braces. However, in literature, the studies on the efficiency of RC braces for the improvement of seismic performance of RC space frame (RCSF) are very limited. This paper presents the experimental results on two 1/4-scale, two-storey and three-bay RCSFs under cyclic loading, i.e. a control RCSF and another RC X-braces strengthened RCSF (termed as CBRCSF). The test results show that compared with the control frame, the seismic performance of the CBRCSF was improved significantly in terms of lateral strength, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity due to the addition of RC X-braces. Moreover, the CBRCSF could continue to bear loads after the rupture of the RC braces, thereby revealing redundancy of the CBRCSF because of the use of RC X-braces

Long-term stability of carbon dioxide electrolysis in a large-scale flat-tube solid oxide electrolysis cell based on double-sided air electrodes

Solid oxide electrolysis cell is a highly promising technology for CO2 electrolysis and has attracted wide attention. But the durability is insufficient by known designed structure of solid oxide electrolysis cell due to structure damage. In this work, a new flat-tube solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) based on double-sided air electrodes with mechanically-strong redox properties and larger active area was proposed and applied to electrolysis of CO2, and its electrochemical performance and long-term durability were investigated. The results showed that the charging current density reaches -600 mA/cm(2) at 1.5 V and 750 degrees C under H-2/CO2 atmosphere. The CO2 conversion rate achieves 47.4% with energy conversation efficiency of 91.4% at the electrolysis voltage of 1.305 V under the charging current density of -400 mA/cm(2), corresponding to 210 mL/min of CO production rate. This new cell architecture for CO2 electrolysis was stable at the current density of -300 mA/cm(2) for 1910 h at 750 degrees C with a degradation rate of 4.89%/kh. The new flat-tube solid oxide electrolysis cell is capable to conduct CO2 electrolysis with high efficiency and long-term stability

Present Situation of Dictyophora Industry in China and Cultivation Technique of Dictyophora rubrovolvata

China is the earliest country to eat Dictyophora and to realize its artificial domestication. At present, 12 species of Dictyophora have been reported worldwide, 7 species of which are found in China. Dictyophora rubrovolvata, D. echinovolvata and D. indusiata have been cultivated on a large scale, and the main producing areas are Zhijin in Guizhou Province, Shunchang and Jangle in Fujian Province, and Qingchuan and Changning in Sichuan Province. The cultivation of D. rubrovolvata had experienced 4 stages: wild tending, casserole cultivation, outdoor simple greenhouse cultivation and rapid development of new cultivation techniques. The present integrated cultivation technique of bag removing and soil covering of D. rubrovolvata were introduced in detail from the aspects of production and selection of high-quality fungi bags, bag removing and soil covering, spawn running, as well as fruiting management and harvesting. As one of the “ten main promoting technologies” of Guizhou Province in 2022, it had realized rapid propagation of liquid strains and supporting cultivation of improved varieties and methods. The suitable strains were selected to support understory cultivation, layer cultivation, basket cultivation, factory cultivation and other modes, which had short cultivation period and can realize annual production and supply. With the development of the industry, it is expected that low-cost secondary fermentation or tertiary fermentation cultivation technology will be more widely used

Multiple Anesthesia/Surgery Cannot Impair Reference Memory in Adult Mice

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction increases mortality and morbidity in perioperative patients. Numerous studies have demonstrated that multiple surgery/anesthesia during the neurodevelopmental period affects cognitive function, whereas a single anesthesia/surgery rarely causes cognitive dysfunction in adults. However, whether adults who undergo multiple anesthesia/surgery over a short period will experience cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, central nervous system inflammation and changes in cholinergic markers were investigated in adult mice subjected to multiple laparotomy procedures over a short period of time. The results showed that despite the increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus after multiple operations and the activation of microglia, multiple anesthesia/surgery did not cause a decline in cognitive function in adult mice. There were no changes in the cholinergic markers after multiple anesthesia/surgery

Durability of direct-internally reformed simulated coke oven gas in an anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cell based on double-sided cathodes

A simulated coke oven gas (COG) is used as internally-reformed (IR) fuel in an anode of solid oxide fuel cell based on double-sided cathodes (DSC-SOFC) and the durability of the cell is studied. The DSC-SOFC operates stably for over 240 h when the steam to methane (H2O/CH4) ratio is above 3 with performance degradation of about 0.01% per hour, but it has a larger degradation of about 0.08% per hour when the H2O/CH4 ratio is lower than 2.5. The mechanism of the cell degradation has been analyzed in detail. It is found that the H2O/CH4 ratio approximately equal to 1 is the key point affecting cell performance. The results of cell analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicate that carbon deposition mainly takes place at the inlet and at the middle of DSC-SOFC. Due to thick anode substrate in this type of cell, carbon distribution on the cross-section reveals that there are two carbon producing areas, one close to the anode surface, and the other near the three-phase boundary. Some of the deposited carbon can be carried by the fuel gas to exhaust which lowers the actual carbon amount in the cell, thus prolonging the cell operation