Malpernakanan di Kalangan Penduduk Dewasa di Hulu Terengganu

The assessment of nutritional status of adults was carried out in two villages in Hulu Trengganu in 1982. The aims of the study were to assess the extent of malnutrition among the adult population in the rural areas and to identity socioeconomic variables which could significantly be related to their nutritional status. The study population consisted of 40 males and 67Jemales (N = 107) who were either heads of household or their spouses. The main indicator of nutritional status employed in the study was body mass index of the respondents; however, other anthropometric measurements were also considered. Results of the study indicated that some degree of malnutrition was prevalent in the adult population; 16% of the population under study weighed less than 70% standard and 57.5% of the males weighed less than 80% standard. Based on the body mass index cut off point, it was found that 30.8% of the respondents were malnourishea. Hemoglobin values also show that 38.5% the female respondents suffered from nutritional anemia (n = 62). More than half of the females have hemotocrit values below normal (n = 62). Among the socioeconomic variables which had a significant correlation with nutritional status were education, income and monthly food expenditure

The Study of Literacy in Relation to Socioeconomic and Nutritional Improvement in a Rural Community

Kajian ini dijalankan ke atas dua buah kampung di Ulu Trengganu untuk menilai taraf kenal huruf dan perkaitannya dengan taraf sosioekonomi penduduk. Komuniti yang dikaji adalah kampung-kampung yang penduduknya terdiri dari orang-orang Melayu dan aktiviti ekonomi mereka bersumberkan pertanian. Sampel yang dipilih adalah sebanyak 107 (40 lelaki, 67 wanita) dan terdiri daripada ketua keluarga atau isteri mereka. Hasil penelitian mendapati lebih daripada 50% responden mengalami buta huruf (markah 20) dan wanita lebih tinggi peratusnya daripada lelaki. Keputusan juga memaparkan bahawa umur boleh menentukan taraf kenal huruf tanpa mengira jantina, umur yang muda bakal menentukan markah kenal huruf yhang tinggi. Juga didapati bahawa pendapatan dan kenai huruf adalah berkaitan rapat. Penelitian ini juga mendapati bahawa menghadiri pendidikan formal semasa muda tidak semestinya menjamin seseorang itu untuk kenal huruf dikemudian hari. Terdapat perbezaan sebanyak 14% di antara mereka yang pernah bersekoiah dan mereka yang kenal huruf semasa kajian dijalankan. Perkaitan-perkaitan yang bermakna wujud di antara kenal huruf dan saiz keiuarga, kenal huruf dan jumlah perbelanjaan untuk makanan dan juga perkaitan negatif di antara kenal huruf dan pendapatan yang dibelanjakan untuk makanan

Somatotype and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors Among Government Employees In Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Aim: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the body somatotype and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among government employees from Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Methods: In this research, 308 government employees were recruited as respondents. Body somatotype was determined using the Heath and Carter (1990) method. The risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were determined by measuring fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol level, HDL cholesterol level and triglycerides level. Results: Majority of the respondents were categorized as endomorphy (84.7%), followed by mesomorphy (11.7%) and ectomorphy (3.6%). Means of fasting blood cholesterol level, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol among respondents were 5.57 mmol/L, 1.55 mmol/L, 1.25 mmol/L and 3.63 mmol/L, respectively. The fasting blood glucose of respondents was in the normal range (5.02 mmol/L), while cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol were on borderline high. Mean HDL level of respondents were below desirable level. Conclusion: We found that there were significant correlation between ectomorphy components with blood cholesterol, LDL, HDL and blood glucose level; mesomorphy with LDL cholesterol level; and endomorphy with HDL and blood glucose level among respondents (p<0.05). As a conclusion, this study has provided useful insights towards the relationship between somatotype components and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.Objetivo: este estudio transversal se realizó para determinar el somatotipo corporal y los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares entre empleados gubernamentales de Kuala Terengganu, Malasia. Métodos: En esta investigación, se reclutó como encuestados a 308 empleados del gobierno. El somatotipo corporal se determinó mediante el método de Heath y Carter (1990). Los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares se determinaron midiendo la glucosa en sangre en ayunas, el colesterol total (CT), el nivel de colesterol LDL, el nivel de colesterol HDL y el nivel de triglicéridos. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados fueron categorizados como endomorfia (84,7%), seguida de mesomorfia (11,7%) y ectomorfia (3,6%). Las medias del nivel de colesterol en sangre en ayunas, triglicéridos, colesterol HDL y LDL entre los encuestados fueron 5,57 mmol / L, 1,55 mmol / L, 1,25 mmol / L y 3,63 mmol / L, respectivamente. La glucosa en sangre en ayunas de los encuestados estaba en el rango normal (5,02 mmol / L), mientras que el colesterol, los triglicéridos y el colesterol LDL estaban en el límite alto. El nivel medio de HDL de los encuestados estaba por debajo del nivel deseable. Conclusión: Encontramos que existe una correlación significativa entre los componentes de la ectomorfia con el colesterol en sangre, LDL, HDL y nivel de glucosa en sangre; mesomorfia con nivel de colesterol LDL; y endomorfia con HDL y nivel de glucosa en sangre entre los encuestados (p <0,05). Como conclusión, este estudio ha proporcionado información útil sobre la relación entre los componentes del somatotipo y los factores de riesgo de las enfermedades cardiovasculares

Morphological Changes Related to Adherence Properties of Selected East Coast Malaysia Condiments on Dentine Pulp Tissues Preparations.

Local condiments consumption is a key constituent of diets throughout the east coast of Peninsu1ar Malaysia. Little evidence-based knowledge is known of the morphological changes that may impinge on oral health due to consumption of these local condiments

High-Resolution Morphological Characterization Investigation On The Effects Of Local Malaysian Condiments On Human Mineralized Tissues.

There are a huge variety of locally produced Malaysian sauces available in the local market. In many instances they may formed the everyday condiments of the main menu especially during lunch and dinner to the local Malaysian citizen

The coexistence of dual form of malnutrition in a sample of rural Malaysia

Background: The co-existence of under and overnutrition might be influenced by a marked shift in dietary and lifestyle practices of people in developing countries. Objective: This study aims to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of a dual form of malnutrition in the same households in a rural district in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved a survey of 223 mother-child pairs that fit the required criteria (223 non-pregnant, non-lactating mothers aged 18 to 55 years old and 223 children aged 2 to 12 years old). Anthropometric indices: Weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) ≤1 SD was used to classify underweight status in children. Body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 was used to measure overweight status among mothers. The results showed that the prevalence of overweight mother/underweight child (OWM/UWC) pairs was 66 (29.6%), and that the prevalence of normal weight mother/normal weight child (NWM/NWC) pairs was 34 (15.2%). The second phase of the study involved a case-control comparison of the 66 OWM/UWC pairs and the 34 NWM/NWC pairs. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to gather socio-economic-demographic data, whereas food frequency questionnaire was used to assess diet diversity. Results: The results indicated that 61.0% of the children were underweight and 61.4% were stunted, whereas the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women were 35% and 17%, respectively. The study did not report any association between the dual burden of malnutrition and household size, number of children, educational level of the mother, total income, income per capita, and food expenditure. The only association reported was with household type (OR: 5.01; 95% CI; 63, 15.34; P = 0.005). In general, the total diet diversity score of both types of mother-child pairs was low. Compared with overweight mothers, normal weight mothers had a higher diet diversity score for at least six food groups and for the total diet diversity score, although these differences were not signifi cant. Conclusions: The clustering of dual forms of malnutrition in the same household poses big challenges for food intervention programs. Although, this study cannot make an inference for the whole population, the results shed light on a serious public health issue that must be addressed

Anti-inflammatory, anthropometric and lipomodulatory effects Dyglomera® (aqueous extract of Dichrostachys glomerata) in obese patients with metabolic syndrome

Background: Increased visceral fat, dyslipidemia and increased markers of inflammation and coagulation are cardiovascular risk factors commonly encountered in obese people with metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have shown that ground Dichrostachys glomerata (DG), a spice used in Western Cameroon, can have beneficial effects on inflammation and various other cardiovascular disease risk factors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Dyglomera®, an aqueous extract of DG (standardized to NLT 10% polyphenols) on certain anthropometric, biochemical (including pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic states) and hemodynamic parameters in obese patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods: The study was an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 116 males and 202 females aged between 24 and 58 years. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: treatment and placebo. Capsules containing the active treatment (200 mg Dyglomera®) or placebo (200 mg maize powder) were administered 30–60 minutes before lunch and dinner throughout the study period. Various biochemical (namely, blood glucose, lipid profile, pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic markers), anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters were measured at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment.Results: At the end of the study, the Dyglomera® group showed statistically significant differences in all 16 parameters compared to baseline values. Changes in BMI and waist circumference were accompanied by changes in biochemical parameters, with the exception of adiponectin levels which were not correlated to waist circumference and PAI-1 values. The results confirm the hypothesis that Dyglomera®, the aqueous extract of DG, has anti-inflammatory properties, and is effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in obese human subjects

The Gene-Lifestyle Interaction on Leptin Sensitivity and Lipid Metabolism in Adults: A Population Based Study

Background: Obesity has been associated with leptin resistance and this might be caused by genetic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene-lifestyle interaction betwee

Research At Universiti Sains Malaysia Volume 1 Policy Studies And Consultancy Services

This volume is one of four published in conjunction with University Sains Malaysia's thirty-fifth anniversary (the other three being devoted to Biotechnology, Environmental Management and Engineering and The Natural Habitat) and its primary focus is on policy and developmental issues and on the University's contribution to the outside community through consultancy and other services. This would cover research work carried out in Schools such as the School of Social Sciences, the School of Humanities, the School of Education and the School of Management, while not neglecting research centres such as the Centre for Policy Research, the Women's Development Research Centre, the Centre for Drug Research and others. The selection of works presented in this volume which is by no means exhaustive, is representative of USM's contributions on policy and related matters during its thirty-five year history

An interventive and kap study on healthy lifestyle of overweight and uncontrolled diabetic patients in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of a regular exercise programme on metabolic control and also knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of exercise and physical activity among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. MATERIAL AND MET{{ ODS: Forty two Type 2 diabetes patients from the community medicine and medical specialist clinics in USM were assigned . to two groups; The interventive group consisted of 13 males and 14 females, mean age 52.6(8.7) (mean (SD)), body mass index 27.2 (3.9) participated in regular group exercise sessions (3 times a week, 1 hour sessions) for 7 weeks. Exercise intensity was predetermined based on the predicted target heart rate for each subject. The control group consisted of 7 males and 8 females, mean age 56.5(11.1), body mass index 25.8(2.73). Pre and post-intervention anthropometric measurements and blood investigations were done. These include height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and fat free mass (FFM), blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness level, fasting plasma glucose level (FPG), HbA I c level, fasting lipid profile, insulin and Cpeptidelevel. RESULTS:, In the intervention group, FFM increased from 45.98(9.71) to 47.93(10.53) kg,; percentage body fat decreased from 32.37(11.02) to 30.14(10.73)%. Diastolic pressure reduced from 91(11.2) to 83.3(7.5) mmHg, cholesterol level decreased from 6.23(1.03) to 5.74(1.23) mmoVI, HDL level increased from 0.97(0.31) to 1.19(0.28) mmolll. Estimated V02max increased from 21.6(7.04) to 27.7(8.72) mllkg/min. Resting heart rate declined significantly from 80(7) to 73( II) bpm. There was no improvement in body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels. Knowledge and attitude scores were higher than practice scores. CONCLUSION: Seven weeks of exercise intervention among type 2 diabetes patients resulted in an improvement in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, lipid profile and a reduction in blood pressure. However there is a disparity between knowledge and practice of exercise and physical activity