Understanding The Mediating Effect Of Customer Satisfaction On The Relationship Of Salesperson Behavior Performance And Customer Loyalty [HF5415.335. M476 2008 f rb].

Tujuan penyelidikan ini dijalankan adalah untuk meneliti kaitan antara prestasi perlakuan jurujual dengan kesetiaan pelanggan serta kesan perantaraan daripada kepuasan pelanggan. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between salesperson behavior performance and customer loyalty, and the mediating effect of customer satisfaction

The influence of cognitive satisfaction on the relationship between salesperson presentation skills and customer's intention to repurchase

The application of sales presentation skills by the sales force during their interaction with customers in the sales situation can have a significant effect on customer intention to repurchase in the Malaysian Computer retail business. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relations between important sales presentation skills and the relative roles played by cognition in the development of customer satisfaction which will lead to customer’s intention to repurchase in a computer retail setting in Malaysia. This will then lead to increased benefits for the organization in the form of customer loyalty. The cognitive evaluation of customer satisfaction was found to explain customer’s intention to repurchase in a retail setting in the Malaysian market. This finding holds importance to those retailers who have been able to generate high expectations in the eyes of their customers

OPTIMIZATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SAFETY EVALUATION OF OLIVE OIL NANOEMULSION FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION: A RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

Objective: Nanoemulsions consist of fine oil-in-water dispersions, with droplets covering the size range of 50–500 nm. Olive oil is frequently utilized in cosmetic and pharmaceutical topical product for its healing, protecting, and moisturizing properties due to its high fatty acid and antioxidant content. In the present work, a nanoemulsion composed of olive oil, Span 80 as surfactant, and Labrasol as cosurfactant was developed using a high-pressure homogenization method and was evaluated for its physicochemical characteristics. Methods: Response surface methodology was utilized to investigate the influence of the main nanoemulsion components: olive oil (X1), Span 80 (X2), and Labrasol (X3) on the droplet size (Y1) and polydispersity index (PDI) (Y2). A total of 17 formulations were generated by the Box-Behnken model. Results: The model was found to be highly significant with R2 values of 0.9833 and 0.9382 for droplet size and PDI, respectively. The optimized nanoemulsion presented the droplet size of 144.2±0.8 nm and PDI of 0.105±0.014. Span 80 seems to be the most influential factor that determines the droplet size as it has higher significant linear and interaction effects. The developed nanoemulsion was, further, evaluated with an in vivo skin irritancy study using the rat model. Conclusion: Results indicate that the developed nanoemulsion did not demonstrate any skin irritations in gross and histological examinations, suggesting that it is safe for topical applications

Reliability Analysis of the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES) In a Malaysian Context: A Preliminary Study

AbstractNumerous research findings have highlighted counseling self-efficacy, defined as the strength of perceived competencies in successfully performing the tasks and roles of a counselor, as one of the most important factors affecting counselors’ performance. This preliminary study incorporated item analysis and reliability analysis to determine the quality of the items, and reliability of the Counselor Activity Self-efficacy Scale (CASES) developed by Lent, Hill, and Hoffman (2003) in a Malaysian setting. It involved 30 final year students of Bachelor of Education (Guidance and Counseling) program in a public university in Malaysia. CASES is a self-administered instrument used to measure counseling students’ self-efficacy regarding their helping skills, management of counseling process, and coping with challenges of different counseling situations. Item analyses revealed that majority of the items of CASES are of high quality. The findings confirmed the overall internal reliability of the scale (alpha=.98). Specifically, subsections of the scale were highly reliable in measuring counseling self-efficacy of university students, helping skills (alpha=.93), management of counseling process (alpha=.95), coping with challenges of different counseling situations (alpha=.97). Implications of the findings for counselor education and areas for future research are discussed

Kualiti hidup dan tahap pendidikan isi rumah di pinggir bandar di Malaysia: satu penerokaan isi rumah di Mukim Rawang II, Selangor

Kualiti hidup dan pendidikan adalahdua aspek saling mempengaruhi antara satu sama lain. Kualiti hidup isi rumah secara objektif tergambar dari tahap pendidikan, jumlah pendapatan yang diperolehi, tabungan, penggunaan barangan dan perkhidmatan.Pendidikan juga faktor kepada peningkatan kualiti hidup isi rumah.Kualiti hidup meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan tahap pendidikan sesebuah isi rumah.Isi rumah berpendidikan tinggi mampu memperolehi pekerjaan baik dengan gaji yang lumayan serta dapat menggunakan barangan dan perkhidmatan yang diingini.Realitinya hari ini,ramai isi rumah yang berpendidikan tinggi tetapi tidak mampu mencapai kualiti hidup seperti yang diingini terutamanya di bandar besar.Adakah perkara seperti ini turut berlaku ke atas isi rumah pinggir bandar.Maka kertas ini bertujuan menganalisis kualiti hidup isi rumah pinggir bandar berdasarkan perbezaan tahap pendidikan ketua isi rumah (KIR).Reka bentuk kajian yang digunakan ialah kaedah tinjauan dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik kepada KIRdi Mukim Rawang II.Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengguna perisian Winsteps versi 3.72.3 dan Statistical Package for Science Social (SPSS).Nilai kebolehpercayaan item ialah 0.91 menggambarkan kecukupan item untuk mengukur konstruk kualiti hidup.Nilai pengasingan item ialah 3.10, berupaya memisahkan item kepada tigakumpulan mengikut tahap kesukaran.Ujian ANOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan kualiti hidup isi rumah yang signifikan mengikuttahap pendidikan KIR iaitu F(df = 6,79, P < .01) = 4.503

Differences in counselors' career outputs in view of licensure status in Malaysia

Malaysia is a rapidly developing country. In the last decade, the availability of counseling services has been getting progressive attention and there arises the question of who govern the standard and practice of the counseling service providers. In Malaysia, school counselors are encouraged to register under the Malaysia Board of Counselor which is subjected to the Counselors Act 1998 or Act 580 of the Laws of Malaysia. This paper aimed to study and examine the licensure status of Malaysia school counselors and its’ relation with their career outputs. Three hundred and forty five secondary school counselors in Malaysia responded via paper and online survey. The result shows counselors who are registered with the Malaysia Board of Counselor demonstrated higher levels of job satisfaction, career success, professional commitment and self-perceived employability. The reasons of not registered were also explored and discussed in this paper. The recommendation and suggestions for future policy development and governance were discussed

Phytochemicals, antioxidants and antimicrobial properties of corn silk hair

The corn silk hairs were extracted with four different organic solvent using the Soxhlet extraction method. Petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water solvent were used as solvents for extraction. Four types of corn silk extracts were obtained. They were petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract, methanol extract and aqueous extract. This plant extract were screened for phytochemical properties followed by antioxidant and antimicrobial test. The extracted of corn silk hair were studied for phytochemical properties to detect the present of chemical constituent. Five phytochemical tests for the detection of different classes of secondary metabolites in plant extract were conducted. They were alkaloid, flavonoid, coumarin, saponin and tannin/phenolic tests. The preliminary pyhtochemical test revealed the presence of saponin, coumarin, flavonoids and tannin/phenolic in methanol and aqueous extract while absence in the petroleum ether and chloroform extract. Methanol extract showed an absence of alkaloid group. This result was contradicting with the previous study. So, further study using another method should be done to ensure the valid ation of result. Total phenolics content and antioxidative activity based on Folin-Ciocalteu method and Ferric Reduction Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method respectively was conducted. The increasing order of concentration of extracts were petroleum ether extract > chloroform extract > aqueous extract > methanol extract. So, methanol extract recorded the highest phenolic content in the com silk hairs compared to other extracts. For FRAP assay, the concentration of plant extracts used were ranging from 200 ppm to 1000 ppm. The reducing power of the com silk extracts were compared against the standard synthetic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).The result shows that the chloroform, methanol and aqueous extract were enhanced over than the BHT when the concentration was increased to 800 ppm. Petroleum ether extract showed the lesser antioxidant activity compared to the BHT even the concentration was increased up to 1000 ppm. There were positive correlation between the antioxidant activity and phenolic content together with phytochemical compound in com silk extracts. Antimicrobial effects from the extracted of com silk were studied against three different bacteria. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was tested towards Staphylococcus aureus (A TCC 25923), Escherichia coli (A TCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (A TCC 27853) to determine the minimum concentration of the extract that can inhibiting the bacteria growth. The standard concentrations used were 0.05 mg/1 Oul, 0.25 mg/1 Oul, 0.50 mg/1 Oul, 0. 75mg/l Oul and 1.00 mg/1 Oul respectively by using the agar diffusion technique. However, all bacteria shows non susceptible against the com silk extract

Penggunaan Alga Perifiton Di Dalam Penilaian Status Kualiti Air Lembangan Sungai Pinang

Status kualiti air Lembangan Sg. Pinang ditentukan melalui pemantauan fisikokimia dan penunjuk alga perifiton pada substrat buatan (slaid kaca). Indeks kualiti air (IKA) yang dikira berdasarkan nilai min en am parameter (DO, BOD, COD, pH, Nammonia dan pepejal terampai) mendapati stesen A adalah bersih, stesen B dan C agak bersih dan stesen I sederhana tercemar, manakala stesen lain di bahagian hilir adalah teruk tercemar. Alga perifiton yang didapati pada slaid kaca terdiri daripada 80 spesies Bacillariophyta, 13 spesies Cyanophyta dan 18 spesies Chlorophyta. Konsep penunjuk biologi dan zon saprob spesifik spesies diatom yang dinyatakan sebagai indeks saprob (nilai-S) mendapati, stesen A adalah bersih (kualiti air baik, S = 1.4), kualiti air di stesen B dan C agak baik (nilai-S masing-masing 1.962 dan 1.781), stesen I diklasifikasikan sebagai sederhana tercemar (S = 2.292) dan lain-lain stesen di hilir adalah tercemar dari segi organik dengan nilai-S berjulat antara 2.811 dan 3.092. Water quality status of Sg. Pinang Basin was determined by physico-chemical monitoring and by periphytic algal indicators colonized on artificial substrates (glass slides). Water quality index (WQI) that was computed based on the mean values of six parameters (DO, BOD, COD, pH, ammonia-N and suspended solids) showed that station A was clean, water quality at stations Band C were relatively good, and station I was moderately polluted, whereas other downstream stations were highly polluted. Periphytic algae attached on glass slides consisted of 80 species of Bacillariophyta, 13 species of Cyanophyta and 18 species of Chlorophyta. The concept of bioindicators and the specific saprobic zone of diatom species, expressed in the form of saprobic index (S-values), showed that station A is clean (good water quality, S == 1.4), water quality at stations B and C were fairly good (S = 1.962 and 1.781 respectively), station I was classified as slightly polluted (S= 2.292) and other stations downstream were highly polluted organically' with S-values ranging between 2.811 and 3.092