Profil Toksikologi Ekstrak Heksana Alpinia conchigera (Lengkuas Kecil) Secara In vitro

Alpinia conchigera (lengkuas kecil) merupakan sejenis tumbuhan herba yang sering digunakan sebagai rawatan alternatif dalam bidang perubatan tradisional. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai kesan sitotoksik, genotoksik serta mod kematian sel yang disebabkan oleh ekstrak heksana A. conchigera ke atas sel hepar Chang. Asai MTT selama 24 jam telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti peratus viabiliti sel hepar Chang setelah dirawat dengan ekstrak heksana A. conchigera. Keputusan menunjukkan terdapat penurunan viabiliti sel secara signifi kan (p < 0.05) dengan nilai IC50 (8.6 μg/ml) berbanding kawalan negatif. Berdasarkan nilai IC50 ini, pewarnaan AO/PI dilakukan untuk menentukan mod kematian sel hepar Chang iaitu sama ada secara apoptosis atau nekrosis. Didapati bahawa terdapat perbezaan secara signifi kan (p < 0.05) bagi mod kematian sel hepar Chang secara apoptosis berbanding kawalan negatif. Dalam kajian ini, penentuan tahap kerosakan DNA sel hepar Chang turut dilakukan dengan menggunakan asai komet beralkali dengan nilai IC10 dan IC25 yang diperoleh daripada asai MTT (4 μg/ml dan 6 μg/ml) masing-masing. Setelah sel hepar Chang dirawat dengan ekstrak heksana A. conchigera selama 2 jam, didapati terdapat perbezaan secara signifi kan (p < 0.05) bagi peratus kerosakan DNA bagi kumpulan rawatan berbanding kawalan negatif. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak heksana A. conchigera memberi kesan sitotoksik dan genotoksik terhadap sel hepar Chang serta menyebabkan kematian sel secara apoptosis

Ex vivo antiplasmodial activity of Quassia Borneensis Noot. (SIMAROUBACEAE) extracts against mice erythrocytes infected by Plasmodium Berghei NK 65 / Ahmad Rohi Ghazali, Julenah Ag Nuddin, Siti Nurfarhana Sabireen, Wan Marahaini Wan Razali and Shafariatul Akmar Ishak

This study is attempts to determine antimalarial activity of Q. borneensis extracts against the intraerythrocytic phase of P. berghei NK65. Parts of Q. borneensis was extracted by cold maceration and soxhlet in 10% aqueous methanol before partitioned with n-Hexane, and chloroform. The extratcs were subjected to colorimetric Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay (pLDH). The extract with most potential IC50 was later evaluated in synchronization test. It was found that hexane soxhlet extract of root, (Qb4), and chloroform soxhlet extract of bark, (Qb7) showed potential, at the values of IC50 0.039μg/ml and 0.001μg/ml, respectively. In the synchronization test, Qb7 extract was found to be active against all three stages of parasites in the intraerythrocytic phase, with the IC50 value for the early, late trophozoite and schizont at 1.964 μg/ml, 0.0009μg/ml and 0.007 μg/ml respectively. This study coulclude that Q. borneensis might possess biologically active quassinoids which could contribute to their antimalarial activities

Effects of hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. aqueous extract on oxidative stress and T lymphocyte population in spleen of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Disturbances in immune system contribute to chronic infection among diabetic patients. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle) fruit extract has been scientifi cally proven to possess antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiinfl ammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of H. sabdariffa fruit extract against oxidative stress parameter and T lymphocyte population in spleen of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 45 mg/kg STZ to induce diabetic condition and further treated with 100 mg/kg H. sabdariffa fruit aquoeus extract daily for 28 days. Spleen was harvested to determine the oxidative stress indicators and quantifi cation of T lymphocytes. The results showed a signifi cant decreased in the number of spleen cells and spleen weight in the diabetic rats compared with control rats. However, there were no signifi cant changes in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity the percentage of spleen CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ T lymphocytes amongst groups of study. In addition, histology observation showed no pathological alteration in spleen histology of diabetic rats. The fi ndings suggested that aqueous extract of H. Sabdariffa fruit supplementation has no effect on the oxidative stress and the percentage of CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ T lymphocytes in spleen of diabetic rats