6 research outputs found
Influence of different CaF2 contents and heat treatment temperature on apatite-mullite glass ceramics derived from waste materials
An apatite-mullite glass ceramics composition derived from clam shell (CS) and soda lime silicate (SLS) glass has been fabricated from a heat treatment process of composition [xCaF2·(45−x)SLS·15CS·20Al2O3·20P2O5], where x is 5, 10, 15 and 20 (wt. %). The result concluded that the Ca and Si elements were found in the CS and SLS glass respectively as a major
weight composition, thereby promoting the use of waste materials in the manufacture of glass ceramic samples. Besides, the
CaF2 addition lowers the glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallisation temperature (Tc) of the glass composition. The
density and percentage of the linear shrinkage of the samples differs with the addition of CaF2 and various heat treatment
temperatures. For the structural properties’ analysis, the formation of fluorapatite with a needle-like microstructure and mullite phase was enhanced with a higher CaF2 content, while the growth of the anorthite phase was observed to occur at a higher heat treatment temperature. Generally, the addition of ahigh CaF2 content with the help of heat treatment in apatitemullite glass ceramics composition greatly promotes the crystallisation of the fluorapatite phase, which is crucial for denture glass ceramics
Effect of hydroxyapatite addition into glass ionomer cement on physical, structural and mechanical properties
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a well-known restorative material applied in
dentistry, especially as restorative and luting materials. The present work aims
to enhance the physical, structural and mechanical properties of GIC with the
addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) since GIC is lacking in the mechanical strength
which then limits the use of GIC as restorative material. In this research, waste
materials consisting of clam shell (CS) and soda lime silica (SLS) glass are used
in the manufacture of alumino-silicate-fluoride (ASF) glass ceramics through
melt-quench technique. Meanwhile, synthesized HA powder was obtained by
wet chemical precipitation method using CS as the starting material. The control
and modified GIC samples were formulated based on a 3:1:1 ratio referring to
ASF glass ceramics/HA: polyacrylic acid (PAA): deionized water. All GIC
samples were subjected to four different ageing time before being characterized
by density measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared
(FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy
dispersive X-ray (EDX) and compressive strength test. CS and SLS glass are
characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in which the main composition of
calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si) respectively encourage the use of waste materials
in sample preparation. The existence of fluorapatite (FA) crystal phase in ASF
glass ceramics sample was confirmed by XRD, FTIR and FESEM analysis. In
addition, the inclusion of HA into the GIC formulation causes an increase in
density results. XRD of modified GIC samples detect the presence of
fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) crystal peaks and is confirmed by the OHF
chemical bond at FTIR wavenumber ~3550 cm-1. The morphology of FESEM
reveals the formation of spherical particles and agglomerated needle-like
belonging to apatite crystals. Moreover, ageing time of control and modified GIC
samples did not have a significant effect on the structural properties. The
calcium to phosphate (Ca/P) ratio of GIC samples in the range of 1.76 to 3.31 allows the suitability of these materials for implantation purposes. Modified GIC
samples show higher compressive strength compared to control GIC. The
compressive strength increases with increasing ageing time. GIC added with 5
wt.% of commercial HA at 21 days of ageing time produced the highest
compressive strength with 90.12 MPa. Overall, the addition of HA into GIC
provides excellent results and better properties to encourage its use as a
restorative material in dentistry
Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite into Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) Formulated Based on Alumino-Silicate-Fluoride Glass Ceramics from Waste Materials
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a well-known restorative material applied in dentistry. The present work aims to study the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) addition into GIC based on physical, mechanical and structural properties. The utilization of waste materials namely clam shell (CS) and soda lime silica (SLS) glass as replacements for the respective CaO and SiO2 sources in the fabrication of alumino-silicate-fluoride (ASF) glass ceramics powder. GIC was formulated based on ASF glass ceramics, polyacrylic acid (PAA) and deionized water, while 1 wt.% of HA powder was added to enhance the properties of the cement samples. The cement samples were subjected to four different ageing times before being analyzed. In this study, the addition of HA caused an increment in density and compressive strength results along with ageing time. Besides, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) phase in HA-added GIC samples and it was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis which detected OH‒F vibration mode. In addition, needle-like and agglomeration of spherical shapes owned by apatite crystals were observed from Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Based on Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, the detection of chemical elements in the cement samples were originated from chemical compounds used in the preparation of glass ceramics powder and also the polyacid utilized in initiating the reaction of GIC
Fabrication of Alumino-Silicate-Fluoride based bioglass derived from waste clam shell and soda lime silica glasses
Through the traditional approach of the melt-water quenching technique, it is seen that Alumino-Silicate-Fluoride (ASF) bioglass system is assembled. Through the very investigation of this paper, it is noted that preparation of ASF bioglass is composed of Clam Shells (CS), Soda Lime Silicate (SLS), CaF2, P2O5, and Al2O3 with the empirical formula [xCS⋅(45 − x)SLS⋅15CaF2⋅20P2O5⋅20Al2O3] where x= 5, 10, 15 and 20 (wt%). The waste materials used to produce ASF bioglass were CS and SLS. The physical and structural properties of bioglass are obtained through Energy X-ray (EDX), density (ρ), molar volume (Vm), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) spectroscopy. Such measured physical parameters like density and molar volume were found to vary linearly with increasing the CaO content in the bioglass composition. X-ray powder diffractrogram showed that the ASF bioglass samples with higher amount of CaO content are in amorphous phase, but a small and sharp peak crystal phase was observed and known as fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F). Meanwhile, FTIR spectroscopy revealed various bonds such as Sisingle bondOsingle bondSi, Psingle bondOsingle bondP, Csingle bondO and Osingle bondH, indicated to the formation of ASF bioglass before sintering occurred. FESEM analysis showed non-uniform particle distribution, irregular in shape and random grain size of the bioglass. Although this type of bioglass is well established for dental application, its effect on waste materials such as CS and SLS for used in dental field has not been extensively studied. Revealed various bonds, stretching and bending vibrations within the samples before sintering occurred
A Study of Fluoride-Containing Bioglass System for Dental Materials Derived from Clam Shell and Soda Lime Silica Glass
The alumino-silicate-fluoride (ASF) bioglass system with empirical formula [(45-x)SiO2-xCaF2-20P2O5-20Al2O3-15CaO] where x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 (wt.%) has been synthesised by using conventional melt-quenching method. In this study, soda lime silica (SLS) glass and clam shell (CS) vitreous waste were utilized as a source of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and calcium oxide (CaO), respectively. The different physical behaviors of ASF bioglass were closely related to the CaF2 content in each composition. The structural analysis shows the presence of various chemical bonds showing the formation of ASF bioglass. The ASF bioglass has many applications in dental field and efforts to improve its formulation can promise a better future in medical procedures
Effect of sintering temperature on physical and structural properties of Alumino-Silicate-Fluoride glass ceramics fabricated from clam shell and soda lime silicate glass
A study on the effect of sintering temperature to the physical and structural of Alumino-Silicate-Fluoride (ASF) glass ceramics fabricated from clam shell (CS) and soda lime silicate (SLS) glass is conducted through conventional melt-quench technique. ASF glass ceramics composition with 25SLS-20CS-20P2O5-20Al2O3-15CaF2 by weight percentage is analysed by using Energy X-ray (EDX), density (ρ), linear shrinkage, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). High content of Ca and Si in CS and SLS glass respectively promote the use of waste materials in production of ASF composition. The density and linear shrinkage of the samples varies with sintering temperature. Besides, XRD results showed that fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) is a main phase existed in all samples meanwhile FTIR confirmed the presence of silica and also the formation of Casingle bondP phase in the composition. FESEM analysis showed the increasing of grain size and formation of needle-like microstructure known as fluorapatite when sintering temperature increase. Overall results promoted the ASF glass ceramics samples produced from waste materials as a high potential candidate for dental application