Experiences of feminine identity and suicidality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

AIM: To explore how women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experience conventional forms of feminine identity. RESEARCH METHODS: A systematic literature review of published literature and grey literature produced between 2000- 2020 was performed, following recommendations from PRISMA and eMERGE guidelines. The studies were retrieved from 10 electronic databases (APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, International Political Science Abstract, Embase, CINAHL, ASSIA, ProQuest Central, Dissertations & Thesis, Open Grey and EThOS). Search terms related to the concepts of PCOS, feminine identity, selfidentity and experiences were incorporated into search algorithms. Inclusion criteria consisted of: participants aged over 13 years; qualitative research designs; focus on the experiences of women with PCOS and identification of themes related to feminine or self-identity. A total of 874 records were identified and 15 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. Quality assessments were conducted by two reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist tool. Meta-ethnography was used to synthesise the included studies. RESULTS: Three main themes and six subthemes were identified: identifying differences (Outside in and inside out), meaning (Threats to womanhood and threats to motherhood) and responses (Controlling and avoiding). CONCLUSION: This review provides support for raising awareness of PCOS in both healthcare settings and in public, a need for suitable psychoeducational materials, policies to encourage exercise participation and the potential for third wave CBT interventions

Concordance of transient elastography and shear wave elastography for measurement of liver stiffness

Introduction Transient elastography is commonly utilised in liver clinics as a non‐invasive method of assessing the degree of fibrosis or presence of cirrhosis in the human liver. Many ultrasound vendors are now providing ultrasound shear wave elastography on commercial ultrasound units. There is limited published data evaluating the performance of ultrasound elastography compared to transient elastography. Methods This study compared the performance of ultrasound shear wave elastography, on an ultrasound unit with transient elastography in 29 participants with liver diseases of varying aetiologies. Results The mean shear wave pressure for transient elastography and ultrasound shear wave elastography was 7.58 kPa (SD 3.26) and 7.29 (SD 2.02), respectively, with 18 cases having a less than 30% deviation of shear wave elastography from transient elastography. Conclusion Both methods provide similar measurements of fibrosis and may be useful non‐invasive measures of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis

Preoperative planning for redirective, periacetabular osteotomies.

Redirective, periacetabular osteotomies (PAO) represent a group of surgical procedures for treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in skeletally mature and immature patients. The ultimate goal of all procedures is to reduce symptoms, improve function and delay or prevent progression of osteoarthritis. During the last two decades, the understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms has continuously evolved. This is mainly attributable to the development of the femoroacetabular impingement concept that has increased the awareness of the underlying three-dimensional complexity associated with DDH. With increasing knowledge about the pathobiomechanics of dysplastic hips, diagnostic tools have improved allowing for sophisticated preoperative analyses of the morphological and pathobiomechanical features, and early recognition of degenerative changes, which may alter the long-term outcome. As redirective, PAO are technically demanding procedures, preoperative planning is crucial to avoid intraoperative obstacles and to sufficiently address the patient-specific deformity. Although conventional radiography has been used for decades, it has not lost its primary role in the diagnostic work-up of patients with DDH. Furthermore, an increasing number of modern imaging techniques exists allowing for assessment of early cartilage degeneration (biochemical magnetic resonance imaging) as well as 3D planning and computer-based virtual treatment simulation of PAO. This article reviews the literature with regard to the current concepts of imaging of DDH, preoperative planning and treatment recommendations for redirective, PAO

Preoperative planning for redirective, periacetabular osteotomies

Redirective, periacetabular osteotomies (PAO) represent a group of surgical procedures for treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in skeletally mature and immature patients. The ultimate goal of all procedures is to reduce symptoms, improve function and delay or prevent progression of osteoarthritis. During the last two decades, the understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms has continuously evolved. This is mainly attributable to the development of the femoroacetabular impingement concept that has increased the awareness of the underlying three-dimensional complexity associated with DDH. With increasing knowledge about the pathobiomechanics of dysplastic hips, diagnostic tools have improved allowing for sophisticated preoperative analyses of the morphological and pathobiomechanical features, and early recognition of degenerative changes, which may alter the long-term outcome. As redirective, PAO are technically demanding procedures, preoperative planning is crucial to avoid intraoperative obstacles and to sufficiently address the patient-specific deformity. Although conventional radiography has been used for decades, it has not lost its primary role in the diagnostic work-up of patients with DDH. Furthermore, an increasing number of modern imaging techniques exists allowing for assessment of early cartilage degeneration (biochemical magnetic resonance imaging) as well as 3D planning and computer-based virtual treatment simulation of PAO. This article reviews the literature with regard to the current concepts of imaging of DDH, preoperative planning and treatment recommendations for redirective, PAO

Imaging of femoroacetabular impingement-current concepts

Following the recognition of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as a clinical entity, diagnostic tools have continuously evolved. While the diagnosis of FAI is primarily made based on the patients' history and clinical examination, imaging of FAI is indispensable. Routine diagnostic work-up consists of a set of plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR-arthrography. Recent advances in MRI technology include biochemically sensitive sequences bearing the potential to detect degenerative changes of the hip joint at an early stage prior to their appearance on conventional imaging modalities. Computed tomography may serve as an adjunct. Advantages of CT include superior bone to soft tissue contrast, making CT applicable for image-guiding software tools that allow evaluation of the underlying dynamic mechanisms causing FAI. This article provides a summary of current concepts of imaging in FAI and a review of the literature on recent advances, and their application to clinical practice