10,799 research outputs found
PCA of PCA: Principal Component Analysis of Partial Covering Absorption in NGC 1365
We analyse 400 ks of XMM-Newton data on the active galactic nucleus NGC 1365
using principal component analysis (PCA) to identify model independent spectral
components. We find two significant components and demonstrate that they are
qualitatively different from those found in MCG?6-30-15 using the same method.
As the variability in NGC 1365 is known to be due to changes in the parameters
of a partial covering neutral absorber, this shows that the same mechanism
cannot be the driver of variability in MCG-6-30-15. By examining intervals
where the spectrum shows relatively low absorption we separate the effects of
intrinsic source variability, including signatures of relativistic reflection,
from variations in the intervening absorption. We simulate the principal
components produced by different physical variations, and show that PCA
provides a clear distinction between absorption and reflection as the drivers
of variability in AGN spectra. The simulations are shown to reproduce the PCA
spectra of both NGC 1365 and MCG-6-30-15, and further demonstrate that the
dominant cause of spectral variability in these two sources requires a
qualitatively different mechanism.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Broad Iron Emission from Gravitationally Lensed Quasars Observed by Chandra
Recent work has demonstrated the potential of gravitationally lensed quasars
to extend measurements of black hole spin out to high-redshift with the current
generation of X-ray observatories. Here we present an analysis of a large
sample of 27 lensed quasars in the redshift range 1.0<z<4.5 observed with
Chandra, utilizing over 1.6 Ms of total observing time, focusing on the
rest-frame iron K emission from these sources. Although the X-ray
signal-to-noise (S/N) currently available does not permit the detection of iron
emission from the inner accretion disk in individual cases in our sample, we
find significant structure in the stacked residuals. In addition to the narrow
core, seen almost ubiquitously in local AGN, we find evidence for an additional
underlying broad component from the inner accretion disk, with a clear red wing
to the emission profile. Based on simulations, we find the detection of this
broader component to be significant at greater than the 3-sigma level. This
implies that iron emission from the inner disk is relatively common in the
population of lensed quasars, and in turn further demonstrates that, with
additional observations, this population represents an opportunity to
significantly extend the sample of AGN spin measurements out to high-redshift.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Searching for the Donor Stars of ULX Pulsars
We report on our search for the optical counterparts of two ultraluminous
X-ray pulsars with known orbital periods, M82 X-2 and NGC 5907 X-1, in new and
archival HST observations, in an effort to characterize the donor stars in
these systems. We detect five near-infrared sources consistent with the
position of M82 X-2 that are too bright to be single stars. We also detect
seven sources in the WFC3/UVIS F336W image whose photometry matches that of
10-15 M stars turning off the main sequence. Such stars have densities
consistent with the properties of the donor star of M82 X-2 as inferred from
X-ray timing analysis, although it is also possible that the donor is a lower
mass star below our detection limit or that there is a significant contribution
from the accretion disc to the optical emission. We detect three candidate
counterparts to NGC 5907 X-1 in the near-infrared. All of these are too bright
to be the donor star of the ULX, which based on its orbital period is a red
giant. The high background at the location of NGC 5907 X-1 precludes us from
detecting this expected donor star. The recently discovered NGC 5907 ULX-2 also
falls within the field of view of the near-infrared imaging; we detect four
sources in the error circle, with photometry that matches AGB stars. The star
suggested to be the counterpart of NGC 5907 ULX-2 by Pintore et al. (2018)
falls outside our 2- error circle.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
A Program of Photometric Measurements of Solar Irradiance Fluctuations from Ground-based Observations
Photometric observations of the sun have been carried out at the San Fernando Observatory since early 1985. Since 1986, observations have been obtained at two wavelengths in order to separately measure the contributions of sunspots and bright facular to solar irradiance variations. Researchers believe that the contributions of sunspots can be measured to an accuracy of about plus or minus 30 ppm. The effect of faculae is much less certain, with uncertainties in the range of plus or minus 300 ppm. The larger uncertainty for faculae reflects both the greater difficulty in measuring the facular area, due to their lower contrast compared to sunspots, and the greater uncertainty in their contrast variation with viewing angle on the solar disk. Recent results from two separate photometric telescopes will be compared with bolometric observations from the active cavity radiometer irradiance monitor (ACRIM) that was on board the Solar Max satellite
Modelling the Extreme X-ray Spectrum of IRAS 13224-3809
The extreme NLS1 galaxy IRAS 13224-3809 shows significant variability,
frequency depended time lags, and strong Fe K line and Fe L features in the
long 2011 XMM-Newton observation. In this work we study the spectral properties
of IRAS 13224-3809 in detail, and carry out a series of analyses to probe the
nature of the source, focusing in particular on the spectral variability
exhibited. The RGS spectrum shows no obvious signatures of absorption by
partially ionised material (warm absorbers). We fit the 0.3-10.0 keV spectra
with a model that includes relativistic reflection from the inner accretion
disc, a standard powerlaw AGN continuum, and a low-temperature (~0.1 keV)
blackbody, which may originate in the accretion disc, either as direct or
reprocessed thermal emission. We find that the reflection model explains the
time-averaged spectrum well, and we also undertake flux-resolved and
time-resolved spectral analyses, which provide evidence of gravitational
light-bending effects. Additionally, the temperature and flux of the blackbody
component are found to follow the relation expected for simple
thermal blackbody emission from a constant emitting area, indicating a physical
origin for this component.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
The A-Z of Social Justice Physical Education: Part 2
Education has the ability to both reproduce and transform broader social structures. Yet, teachers’ responsibilities are constantly increasing whilst budgets, resources, and staffing are depleted. We argue that we are living in a time of great uncertainty and precarity. As physical educators, we should make attempts to be socially conscious of this precarity and provide equitable environments for all students. This article (the second installment of a two-part series) is an attempt to make an important step in enacting a socially just and informed physical education program. In so doing, we highlight specific ways that teachers and teacher educators can prepare for and teach about precarity in physical education. By providing resources, readings, and examples from practice, we provide a framework that promotes ethics of value, care, and zeal for others
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