A Study of the Effects of Polyethylene Glycol on Interactions Between Glycolytic Enzymes and F-Actin, and Among Glycolytic Enzymes

Many studies of the protein interactions that compose the microtrabecular lattice have been done in dilute solutions. However, solutions containing inert polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) more effectively mimic the crowded interior of the cell. Therefore, the interactions of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ketolisomerase (TPI, EC 5.3.1.1), D-phosphoglycerate 2,3-phosphomutase (PGM, EC 5.4.2.1), ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase (PGK, EC 2.7.2.3), 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (enolase, EC 4.2.1.11), D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate lyase (aldolase, 4.1.2.13), D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NAD\sp{+} oxidoreductase (GAPDH, EC 5.3.1.1), D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase (GPI, EC 5.3.1.9), (S)-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27), and ATP:Pyruvate O\sp2-phosphotransferase (PK, EC 2.7.1.40) with each other, with ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFK, EC 2.7.1.11) and with F-actin have been studied in the presence of PEG. Rabbit muscle glycolytic enzymes, either purified or as in myogen, were centrifuged in the presence or absence of F-actin and/or PEG and/or KCl for 35 minutes at 145,000 x g. The supernate and pellet were then assayed. In the absence of PEG and F-actin, the enzymes did not pellet. PEG and/or F-actin increased and KCl decreased the pelleting of all enzymes studied. A significant increase in pelleting with the addition of PEG and/or F-actin along with a decrease with the addition of KCl indicates the presence of an ionic interaction which is enhanced by PEG. For all of the enzymes tested, an ionic interaction with F-actin that was enhanced by the presence of PEG was evident. GPI, aldolase, GAPDH, PK, and LDH also were tested for the specificity of this interaction by using TPI as a control. All five enzymes demonstrated a specific interaction with F-actin, which for GPI, GAPDH, and PK was enhanced by PEG. More myogen than purified enolase, GPI, aldolase, GAPDH, PK, and LDH pelleted under several conditions. Greater pelleting in samples prepared with myogen than in those prepared with purified enzyme suggests an interaction of the enzyme with the proteins of myogen. Therefore, purified enolase, GAPDH, aldolase, GPI, and LDH were also tested for pelleting with other purified enzymes in the presence of PEG. Aldolase pelleted the most with PK and LDH; GPI, enolase, and GAPDH pelleted the most with PFK; and LDH showed no differences in pelleting with the various enzymes

Displaying families : exploring the significance of ‘display’ in a city that is increasingly culturally diverse

The Overarching QuestionHow, when and why do migrant people in Hull “display family”, both locally and transnationally? How is display interpreted by the local community and does this have implications for community cohesion?Aims and Objectives of the StudyAim One: To understand how, when and why migrant people in Hull “display family”, both locally and transnationally.Related Objectives:*To understand how migrant families display in the public arena;*To understand if and how migrant “family display” changes with context, for example, in transnational communication, when in the presence of indigenous populations or when in the presence of co-located members of their home area networks;*To understand if and how migrant “family display” changes over time, for example, at different stages in their migration story, if a family member leaves or arrives, or when family children start school.Aim Two: To understand how display is interpreted by the local community.Related objectives:*To explore how indigenous people describe migrant “family display”;*To explore what meaning indigenous people give to migrant “family display”;*To understand what factors influence indigenous interpretations of migrant “family display”.Aim Three: To explore if local community interpretation of “family display” has implications for community cohesion in Hull.Related objectives:*To explore how all families, migrant and indigenous, interact at sites of public “family display”;*To understand if and how individual indigenous responses to migrant “family display” correlate with individual opinion towards migrants in the city

INTENTIONAL VOLITIONS: MALEBRANCHE AND LOCKE ON HUMAN FREEDOM

My dissertation is motivated by the apparent inconsistency between occasionalism, the view that God is the only real cause, and human freedom in the system of the 17th century French philosopher Nicolas Malebranche. Malebranche was aware of the tension in his view, and proposed that there were two realms in the world - the physical where God alone is a causal agent, and the moral where human freedom is situated. Most commentators on Malebranche\u27s work have noted the obvious problem and deemed his philosophical system a failure. I show, to the contrary, that Malebranche\u27s occasionalism and his commitment to human freedom can, in fact, be maintained. To see this one needs to focus on Malebranche\u27s “volitional intentionality” - his view that volitions always have as their object either a particular thing in the physical realm or God while simultaneously being motivated by the pleasure that the perceived object is thought to produce. The perception consists of an idea, and we are driven by pleasure at the sight of an object. Volitions are thus intentional because they are directed towards the pleasurably perceived object. My analysis of Malebranche\u27s volitional intentionality sheds light on his polemic with François Lamy, who thought that Malebranche\u27s writing indicated a sympathy with Quietism - the doctrine of love held by a group of religious mystics whose central tenet was that to be pure, love must be utterly disinterested. By focusing on volitional intentionality, one can diagnose Lamy\u27s mistake in treating Malebranche\u27s system as sympathetic to Quietism. In the final section I argue that Malebranche\u27s volitional intentionality influenced John Locke. A close reading of Locke\u27s chapter \u27Of Power\u27 in the various editions of his iii Essay Concerning Human Understanding reveals that Locke held that the necessary conditions for volition were perception and pleasure. With this new perspective, I solve several interpretative problems in Locke\u27s view - whether his view is one of intellectualism, where error and sin result from ignorance and not a depraved will (I answer yes), whether his view supports undetermined volitions (I answer no), and whether his view of human freedom is consistent from the first edition of his Essay through four subsequent editions (I answer yes)

Consumer Understanding of Nutritional Supplements: An Irish Context

Nutritional Supplements have been available in Ireland for over thirty years. Originally available in health food stores only, supplements now have several distribution channels including pharmacy, practitioner, and online. Recommendations for consumption can come from many sources including general physicians, alternative practitioners, dieticians and nutritionists. The demand for Nutritional Supplements has increased over the years, and the industry has expanded exponentially. Nutritional Supplements provide an important opportunity to optimize illness prevention. As scientists and health professionals start to understand the value of Nutritional Supplements in terms of the prevention and treatment of disease, consumers follow suit. Market growth of Nutritional Supplements is reliant both on market positioning and the distribution strategies and channels chosen by the industry. The success or failure is dependent on how effectively and efficiently their products are sold through marketing channel members (e.g., agents, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers). An examination of the distribution channel most appropriate to the purchase of Nutritional Supplements, and advice on their consumption has never been investigated in Ireland to date; hence, this research will be applicable to those involved in this specific industry. A mixed method research approach was undertaken in this study to enable a thorough overview of the industry as it currently stands in Ireland. This research examines the quality of education of those who are distributing, retailing and/or recommending Nutritional Supplements. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve participants working within the Nutritional Supplement sector. This research also examines the thoughts of the consumer, relative to preferred distribution channels and who they deem most appropriate as advisors of Nutritional Supplements in Ireland. This was executed through a quantitative process and the consumer data was collated via an online survey. A key finding of this study is that those who are considered best qualified for consultation (general practitioner, dietician and pharmacist), are actually not qualified enough to distribute Nutritional Supplement advice. Health food stores are the preferred distribution channel by consumers; however, Health store workers are not recognised as the most trustworthy for advice. This research will benefit those involved in the manufacture and distribution of Nutritional Supplements in Ireland

THE EFFECTS OF ARMS AND COUNTERMOVEMENT ON VERTICAL JUMPING OF FEMALES

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine jumping parameters of female subjects performing four different jump techniques. Twelve subjects performed maximum vertical jumps using 4 techniques: countermovement jumps with and without use of the arms and squat jumps with and without the use of the arms. Force lime data was collected using a Bertec force plate. Vertical ground reaction force, take off velocity, center of mass displacement after take off, impulse and power were calculated using the force time data. Analysis of the data indicated that use of the arms increased jump height more than the countermovement. Although most parameters measured in this study agreed with those previously reported for males there were some indication of gender specific differences with regard to jump height and use of arms and countermovement

Case-Study: An Industry-Academic Engagement Study of the Brewing and Distilling Sector in Ireland

Industry-academic (I-A) engagement models refer to the collaboration between academic institutions and industry partners to co-create and develop educational programmes that are relevant and responsive to industry needs. This study consists of research conducted as part of a 5 month Convene fellowship. It examines aspects such as industry demand, training, competency, knowledge, research projects, and modes of delivery for a proposed Postgraduate Diploma (PgDip, 60 ETS) and Master of Science (MSc, 90 ECTS) in Brewing and Distilling (B&D). This study used an I-A model to capture and collate sector specific feedback and priorities. This was achieved through 40 industry surveys and 28 stakeholder interviews, conducted between February and June 2022. Notably, this engagement model was found to effectively inform curriculum development, clarify industry skill-set expectations, and elucidate sector demands, challenges, knowledge gaps, and opportunities

Confusing cases: Forrester, Stoller, Agnes, woman

This article pursues the hypothesis that there is a structural affinity between the case study as a genre of writing and the question of gendered subjectivity. With John Forrester’s chapter ‘Inventing Gender Identity: The Case of Agnes’ as my starting point, I ask how the case of Agnes continues to inform our understanding of different disciplinary approaches (sociological and psychoanalytic) to theorising gender. I establish a conversation between distinct, psychoanalytically informed feminisms (Simone De Beauvoir, Juliet Mitchell, Judith Butler and Denise Riley) to move from the mid-20th century, to contemporary cultural debate

Supporting Students with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-Cov-2 Infection: Applying Lessons Learned from Postconcussion Symptoms

The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19 disease, has swiftly infected millions of people since it was first identified in late 2019. While much remains unknown about the virus, it is increasingly clear that many survivors (including children and adolescents) struggle with ongoing symptoms for months after they receive a negative test. The National Institutes of Health recently started using the term “post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) infection,” and we encourage its use because the term more accurately refers to the symptoms and complications experienced after the virus is no longer detected via testing. Many PASC symptoms resemble persistent symptoms experienced by some students who have sustained concussions (e.g., headache, fatigue, brain fog, memory impairment). Because both conditions involve “invisible” issues in previously healthy individuals, and because there is limited research on this novel coronavirus, schools might effectively apply strategies recommended for students with persistent postconcussion symptoms to support students with PASC. Such strategies include temporary academic and environmental accommodations while symptoms resolve