A Versatile Pseudo-Random Noise Generator

A detailed design is presented for a digital pseudo-random noise generator. The instrument is built with standard integrated circuits. It produces both binary noise (pseudo-random binary sequences) and white Gaussian noise of variable bandwidth. By setting front panel switches to match tabulated octal codes, one may select a vast number of independent noise programs

Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control: The Remaining Issues

26 pages (includes illustrations). Contains references

Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control: The Remaining Issues

26 pages (includes illustrations). Contains references

The Purposes and Accountability of the Corporation in Contemporary Society: Corporate Governance at a Crossroads

Little attention has been paid to how the governance structures of public corporations adapt to structural changes in the social, political, economic and legal environments in which they operate. Bradley et al chronicle the recent changes in the conduct of business enterprise and establish the necessary conditions for a system of corporate governance capable of accommodating these changes

The biotechnological potential of whey

peer-reviewedWhey is a highly polluting by-product of cheese and casein powder manufacture with worldwide production of whey estimated at around 190 × 106 ton/year and growing. Historically whey was considered a burdensome, environmentally damaging by-product. In the last decades however, much research has gone into finding viable alternatives for whey rather than just disposing of it. Multiple biotechnological avenues have been explored and in some cases exploited to turn this waste product into a valuable commodity. Avenues explored include traditional uses of whey as both an animal and human food to the more advanced uses such as the use of whey protein as health promoters and the potential of whey to be used as a feed stock to manufacture a whole range of useful substances e.g. ethanol.ACCEPTEDpeer-reviewe

The BASES expert statement on exercise, immunity, and infection

An individual's level of physical activity influences their risk of infection, most likely by affecting immune function. Regular moderate exercise reduces the risk of infection compared with a sedentary lifestyle, but very prolonged bouts of exercise and periods of intensified training are associated with an increased risk of infection. There are several lifestyle, nutritional, and training strategies that can be adopted to limit the extent of exercise-induced immunodepression and minimize the risk of infection. This expert statement provides a background summarizing the evidence together with extensive conclusions and practical guidelines

Trends, over 14 years, in the ground cover on an unimproved western hill grazed by sheep, and associated trends in animal performance

peer-reviewedThe frequency of individual plant species at ground level and the species composition of the unimproved vegetation on a western hill farm, stocked with Scottish Blackface sheep, were monitored from 1995 to 2008. Performance criteria of the flock that relied totally, or almost totally, on this vegetation for sustenance from 1994 to 2011 were evaluated. The frequency of vegetation increased over time (from 65% to 82% of the surface area; P 60% better, depending on the variable, than similar flocks in the National Farm Survey at comparable stocking rates. A well-defined rational management system can sustain a productive sheep enterprise on unimproved hill land without negative consequences for the frequency or composition of the vegetation.PUBLISHEDpeer-reviewe

Unmasking the Annexin I Interaction from the Structure of Apo-S100A11

AbstractS100A11 is a homodimeric EF-hand calcium binding protein that undergoes a calcium-induced conformational change and interacts with the phospholipid binding protein annexin I to coordinate membrane association. In this work, the solution structure of apo-S100A11 has been determined by NMR spectroscopy to uncover the details of its calcium-induced structural change. Apo-S100A11 forms a tight globular structure having a near antiparallel orientation of helices III and IV in calcium binding site II. Further, helices I and IV, and I and I′, form a more closed arrangement than observed in other apo-S100 proteins. This helix arrangement in apo-S100A11 partially buries residues in helices I (P3, E11, A15), III (V55, R58, M59), and IV (A86, C87, S90) and the linker (A45, F46), which are required for interaction with annexin I in the calcium-bound state. In apo-S100A11, this results in a “masked” binding surface that prevents annexin I binding but is uncovered upon calcium binding