Tropospheric sounders

The Measurement of Air Pollution Satellites (MAPS) experiment is a nadir-viewing gas correlation filter radiometer that has flow on the space shuttle in 1981 and 1984. The Tropospheric Radiometer for Atmospheric Chemistry and Environment Research (TRACER) is a proposed multi-level gas correlation filter radiometer experiment proposed for the Earth Observing System (Eos) and has received phase 1 approval. Each experiment is discussed

A study of the possible characteristics of a low-altitude electron layer in the Martian atmosphere

The apparent diurnal Martian surface pressure variations, as deduced from radio occultation experiments, is discussed and explained as possibly arising from the effect of a low-altitude electron layer. Possible source and loss mechanisms for the low altitude electron layer are presented and discussed. Time dependent differential equations describing the electron layer are derived, and then integrated to investigate the electron distribution resulting from several processes that might occur in the atmosphere. It is concluded that the source mechanism is the sublimation of alkali atoms from a permanent dust layer, and that the dominant loss process must involve CO2 clustering about the alkali atoms. An electron layer is developed which explains the apparent diurnal surface pressure variation

The characteristics of a possible low altitude electron layer in the Martian atmosphere

The apparent diurnal Martian surface pressure variation, as deduced from radio occultation experiments, is discussed and explained as possibly arising from the effect of a low altitude electron layer. Possible source and loss mechanisms for the low altitude electron layer are presented and discussed. Time-dependent differential equations describing the electron layer are derived and then integrated to investigate the electron distribution resulting from the several processes that might occur in the atmosphere. It is concluded that the source mechanism is the sublimation of alkali atoms from a permanent dust layer (a dust layer of 0.2 micron particles of density 9/cu cm is sufficient), and that the dominant loss process must involve CO2 clustering to the alkali atoms. Using these processes, an electron layer is developed which would explain the apparent diurnal surface pressure

A differential correction technique for determining physical properties of the Martian atmosphere by use of solar occultation as seen from an artificial satellite

Martian atmospheric temperature and pressure and temperature gradient determination by least squares differential correction of satellite photometric solar eclipse dat

DC-8-based observations of aircraft CO, CH₄, N₂O, H₂O(G) emission indices during SUCCESS

We report the first measurements of CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CO₂, and H₂O(g) in the exhaust trails of T-39, B-757, and DC-8 aircraft at cruise conditions. Emission indices (El) derived from these in-situ measurements are presented. Results are in agreement with ground-based tests indicating aircraft act as a net sink for CH₄ and recent airborne in-situ measurements that N₂O is not an important exhaust constituent. Condensation of H₂O(g) on exhaust particles resulted in EI(H₂O(g)) values less than those expected from the combustion of fuel alone. Observed apparent negative EI(H₂O(g)) values suggest that aircraft aerosol emissions, under unique atmospheric conditions, seed cloud formation and lead to dehydration of the exhaust-influenced air parcel. Such conditions may induce the formation of cirrus clouds from persistent contrails. Comparisons with the Boeing EMIT Code show measurement-derived CO emission index values consistent with model evaluations