17 research outputs found
A âhead-downâ position increases cervical spine loading in head first impacts: a combined in-vitro and in-silico approach
Cervical spine loading in misdirected rugby tackles: an integrated in vitro and in silico approach
An integrated measurement system for analysing impact biomechanics in the rugby scrum
As part of a wider project investigating the biomechanics of the rugby scrum within rugby union, the focus of the present study was to design, realise and test an unobtrusive measurement system for assessing the kinematics and kinetics of rugby forwards while scrummaging on the pitch in realistic environmental conditions. Currently the study investigates one forward pack (eight players) scrummaging against an instrumented scrum machine, a training aid used widely throughout rugby. The measurement system integrates three different subsystems for: (1) measuring forces exerted by players; (2) capturing playersâ movements; and, (3) triggering/synchronising all the sensors involved in (1) and (2). Applied three-dimensional forces were measured by strain gauge circuits attached to each pusher arm of the machine and then summed to produce the components of overall force. Multiple camera views allowed the recording and subsequent analysis of player movements, in the primary transverse (50âHz and 200âHz) and sagittal (50âHz) planes of motion. A control system executed pre-recorded audio commands to players with consistent timings, sent trigger pulses to acquisition devices and collected analogue data at 500âHz. The overall system has been applied successfully in the field to record data from rugby union forward packs across a range of playing levels and initial results confirm that the measurement system will be useful for its desired purpose to compare the biomechanics of different scrum engagement techniques
Measuring biomechanical stresses in machine and live scrummaging using CompactRIO and LabVIEW
Measuring biomechanical stresses in machine and live scrummaging using CompactRIO and LabVIEW
A âhead-downâ position increases cervical spine loading in head first impacts: a combined in-vitro and in-silico approach
Load Balancing in Signaling Transfer Points
Signaling is crucial to the operation of modern telecommunication networks. A breakdown in the signaling infrastructure typically causes customer service failures, incurs revenue losses, and hampers the company image. Therefore, the signaling network has to be highest reliability and survivability. This in particular holds for the routers in such a network, called signaling transfer points (STPs). The robustness of an STP can be improved by equally distributing the load over the internal processing units. Several constraints have to be taken into account. The load of the links connected to a processing unit changes over time introducing an imbalance of the load. In this paper, we show how integer linear programming can be applied to reduce the imbalance within an STP, while keeping the number of changes small. Two alternative models are presented. Computational experiments validate the integer programming approach in practice. The GSM network operator E-Plus saves substantial amounts of time and money by employing the proposed approach