Extractive metallurgy Techniques possibly applicable in India

METALLURGY remained an art from the time of Agicola (credited with having written the first treatise on the subject) to the end of the 19th century. In many areas, it remains an art to this day. "This does not mean to imply that no advances have been made in metallurgy. But there are many examples of early metallurgical work which our best scientists today find difficult to explain. An out-standing one is that of the Delhi Pillar at Kutub Minar forged of iron, as far as is known, about the 12th century and still standing, almost unweathered,in uprightposition a few miles outside the city of New Delhi. During the present rocket race, a great deal of scientific work has been done on the metallurgy of steel and special alloys, with the result that ductilities and tensile strengths have increased dramatically within the past twenty years

Extractive Metallurgical Processes Possibly Applicable in India

All other conditions being equal, an ore deposit can be defined as an aggregate of minerals from which one or more minerals or metals can be extracted and sold at a profit. In today's complex international market place with balance of payment problems occuring from time to time in almost all countries, straight economic considerations are often modified by need for the material or for additional national income

The heat capacity of MgCd₃ between 12 and 320©� K; the low temperature transformations and the residual entropy of MgCd₃ superlattice : progress report for October 1, 1952 to January 1, 1953 /

"Metallurgy and Ceramics"Work performed at the University of Pittsburgh under Contract No. AT(30-1)-647 with the United States Atomic Energy Commission."January 14, 1953."Includes bibliographical references (page 7).Mode of access: Internet

The heat capacity of magnesium between 12©� K and 320©� K and the entropy of magnesium at 25©� C : progress report for July 1, 1952 to October 1, 1952 /

"Metallurgy and Ceramics"Work performed at the University of Pittsburgh under Contract No. AT(30-1)-647 with the United States Atomic Energy Commission."October 10, 1952."Mode of access: Internet

HTLV-I infection of WE17/10 CD4(+) cell line leads to progressive alteration of Ca(2+) influx that eventually results in loss of CD7 expression and activation of an antiapoptotic pathway involving AKT and BAD wich paves the way for malignant transformation

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a malignancy slowly emerging from human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I)-infected mature CD4(+) T-cells. To characterize the molecular modifications induced by HTLV-I infection, we compared HTLV-I-infected WE17/10 cells with control cells, using micro-arrays. Many calcium-related genes were progressively downmodulated over a period of 2 years. Infected cells acquired a profound decrease of intracellular calcium levels in response to ionomycin, timely correlated with decreased CD7 expression. Focusing on apoptosis-related genes and their relationship with CD7, we observed an underexpression of most antiapoptotic genes. Western blotting revealed increasing Akt and Bad phosphorylation, timely correlated with CD7 loss. This was shown to be phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent. Activation of PI3K/Akt induced resistance to the apoptotic effect of interleukin-2 deprivation. We thus propose the following model: HTLV-I infection induces a progressive decrease in CD3 genes expression, which eventually abrogates CD3 expression; loss of CD3 is known to perturb calcium transport. This perturbation correlates with loss of CD7 expression and induction of Akt and Bad phosphorylation via activation of PI3K. The activation of the Akt/Bad pathway generates a progressive resistance to apoptosis, at a time HTLV-I genes expression is silenced, thus avoiding immune surveillance. This could be a major event in the process of the malignant transformation into ATLL.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe