Photoelectron spectroscopy of NpPd3 and PuPd3

We present the results of x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of NpPd3 and PuPd3. The spectra indicate that for both compounds, the 5f electrons are well localized on the actinide sites. Comparison with bulk measurements indicates that for NpPd3 the electrons have a valence of Np3+ and thus a ground state 5f4 with a Hund's rules 5I4 configuration. Similarly for PuPd3, we find a Pu3+ valence, 5f5 ground state and a Hund's rules 6H5/2 configuration

Quantitative Analysis of Candida Cell Wall Components by Flow Cytometrywith Triple-Fluorescence Staining

This work was supported by the European Commission within the FP7 Framework Programme [Fungitect-Grant No 602125]. We also thank Thomas Sauer, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Austria, for technical support at the FACS facility of the MFPL, Karl Kuchler, MFPL-Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria and Ernst Thuer, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain, for advice on statistical approaches. Neil Gow acknowledges the support of the Wellcome Trust and the MRC Centre for Medical MycologyPeer reviewedPublisher PD

The laminariaceae off North Shapinsay, Orkney Islands; changes from 1947 to 1955

Changes in the crops of Laminariaceae over a number of years around Scotland have been investigated. This paper summarises the results of five surveys carried out in 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953 and 1955 in North Shapinsay, Orkney Islands. Considerable losses were found between 1947 and 1952, but thereafter recovery commenced and has continued. Some of the ecological factors are analysed and discussed

Electric field control of multiferroic domains in Ni3_3V2_2O8_8 imaged by X-ray polarization enhanced topography

The magnetic structure of multiferroic Ni$_3$V$_2$O$_8$ has been investigated using non-resonant X-ray magnetic scattering. Incident circularly polarized X-rays combined with full polarization analysis of the scattered beam is shown to yield high sensitivity to the components of the cycloidal magnetic order, including their relative phases. New information on the magnetic structure in the ferroelectric phase is obtained, where it is found that the magnetic moments on the "cross-tie" sites are quenched relative to those on the "spine" sites. This implies that the onset of ferroelectricity is associated mainly with spine site magnetic order. We also demonstrate that our technique enables the imaging of multiferroic domains through polarization enhanced topography. This approach is used to image the domains as the sample is cycled by an electric field through its hysteresis loop, revealing the gradual switching of domains without nucleation.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Fast Ground State Manipulation of Neutral Atoms in Microscopic Optical Traps

We demonstrate Rabi flopping at MHz rates between ground hyperfine states of neutral $^{87}$Rb atoms that are trapped in two micron sized optical traps. Using tightly focused laser beams we demonstrate high fidelity, site specific Rabi rotations with crosstalk on neighboring sites separated by $8 \mu\rm m$ at the level of $10^{-3}$. Ramsey spectroscopy is used to measure a dephasing time of $870 \mu\rm s$ which is $\approx$ 5000 times longer than the time for a $\pi/2$ pulse.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Measuring the Black Hole Spin in Sgr A*

The polarized mm/sub-mm radiation from Sgr A* is apparently produced by a Keplerian structure whose peak emission occurs within several Schwarzschild radii (r_S=2GM/c^2) of the black hole. The Chandra X-ray counterpart, if confirmed, is presumably the self-Comptonized component from this region. In this paper, we suggest that sub-mm timing observations could yield a signal corresponding to the period P_0 of the marginally stable orbit, and therefore point directly to the black hole's spin a. Sgr A*'s mass is now known to be (2.6\pm 0.2)\times 10^6 M_\odot (an unusually accurate value for supermassive black hole candidates), for which 2.7 min<P_0<36 min, depending on the value of a and whether the Keplerian flow is prograde or retrograde. A Schwarzschild black hole (a=0) should have P_0 ~ 20 min. The identification of the orbital frequency with the innermost stable circular orbit is made feasible by the transition from optically thick to thin emission at sub-mm wavelengths. With stratification in the emitter, the peak of the sub-mm bump in Sgr A*'s spectrum is thus produced at the smallest radius. We caution, however, that theoretical uncertainties in the structure of the emission region may still produce some ambiguity in the timing signal. Given that Sgr A*'s flux at $\nu\sim 1$ mm is several Jy, these periods should lie within the temporal-resolving capability of sub-mm telescopes using bolometric detectors. A determination of P_0 should provide not only a value of a, but it should also define the angular momentum vector of the orbiting gas in relation to the black hole's spin axis. In addition, since the X-ray flux detected by Chandra appears to be the self-Comptonized mm to sub-mm component, these temporal fluctuations may also be evident in the X-ray signal.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Nonperturbative Vertices in Supersymmetric Quantum Electrodynamics

We derive the complete set of supersymmetric Ward identities involving only two- and three- point proper vertices in supersymmetric QED. We also present the most general form of the proper vertices consistent with both the supersymmetric and U(1) gauge Ward identities. These vertices are the supersymmetric equivalent of the non supersymmetric Ball-Chiu vertices.Comment: seventeen pages late

Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Regulates Monocyte Migration and Collagen Destruction in Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global pandemic and drug resistance is rising. Multicellular granuloma formation is the pathological hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP or MMP-14) is a collagenase that is key in leukocyte migration and collagen destruction. In patients with TB, induced sputum MT1-MMP mRNA levels were increased 5.1-fold compared with matched controls and correlated positively with extent of lung infiltration on chest radiographs (r = 0.483; p &lt; 0.05). M. tuberculosis infection of primary human monocytes increased MT1-MMP surface expression 31.7-fold and gene expression 24.5-fold. M. tuberculosis-infected monocytes degraded collagen matrix in an MT1-MMP-dependent manner, and MT1-MMP neutralization decreased collagen degradation by 73%. In human TB granulomas, MT1-MMP immunoreactivity was observed in macrophages throughout the granuloma. Monocyte-monocyte networks caused a 17.5-fold increase in MT1-MMP surface expression dependent on p38 MAPK and G protein-coupled receptor-dependent signaling. Monocytes migrating toward agarose beads impregnated with conditioned media from M. tuberculosis-infected monocytes expressed MT1-MMP. Neutralization of MT1-MMP activity decreased this M. tuberculosis network-dependent monocyte migration by 44%. Taken together, we demonstrate that MT1-MMP is central to two key elements of TB pathogenesis, causing collagen degradation and regulating monocyte migration

Characteristics of ion flow in the quiet inner plasma sheet

Abstract We use AMPTE/IRM and ISEE 2 data to study the properties of the high beta (βi \u3e 0.5) plasma sheet, the inner plasma sheet (IPS). Bursty bulk flows (BBFs) are excised from the two databases, and the average flow pattern in the non-BBF (quiet) IPS is constructed. At local midnight this ensemble-average flow is predominantly duskward; closer to the flanks it is mostly earthward. The flow pattern agrees qualitatively with calculations based on the Tsyganenko [1987] model (T87), where the earthward flow is due to the ensemble-average cross tail electric field and the duskward flow is the diamagnetic drift due to an inward pressure gradient. The IPS is on the average in pressure equilibrium with the lobes. Because of its large variance the average flow does not represent the instantaneous flow field. Case studies also show that the non-BBF flow is highly irregular and inherently unsteady, a reason why earthward convection can avoid a pressure balance inconsistency with the lobes. The ensemble distribution of velocities is a fundamental observable of the quiet plasma sheet flow field