The Effect of Charcoal on the Improvement of Grounding Resistance as a Soil Treatment in Reducing Grounding Resistance

Current technological developments are very competitive with each other, both in electric power distribution systems or electronic equipment. Disturbances that occur are usually caused by short circuits and ground disturbances, or lightning strikes. These disturbances will result in a voltage drop or increase in voltage, which results in decreased system stability, endangers people's lives, and can damage electronic equipment. Coconut Shell Charcoal has a lower resistivity value than soil and has a larger pore structure to absorb more water, and has conductive properties. The results obtained from the comparison using dry coconut shell charcoal and wet coconut shell charcoal show that measurements using wet coconut shell charcoal are better (less resistance) than using dry coconut shell charcoal. Soil resistivity measurements will be much better at the maximum depth than the usual depth (110 cm), better than 10cm

Isolation of Lactobacillus salivarius from Children and Purification of Bacteriocin to Inhibition Cancer Cell in Vitro

Bacteria being used to make anticancer agents could provide an extra source of lead compounds for the pharmaceutical industry.  Bacterium Lactobacillus salivarius produce compounds that selectively inhibit growth of human cancer cells Lactobacillus salivarius naturally produces a compound called Bacteriocins.  Bacteriocins are bacterial proteins produced to prevent the growth of competing microorganisms in a particular biological niche and we can use it as antineoplastic. The aim of this study was to isolate bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria. A preparation of bacteriocin from a strain Lactobacillus salivarius has long been shown to have antineoplastic activity against a variety of human tumor and animal tumor cell lines in vitro. A total of 60 LAB  were isolated from children stool 45 isolate showed a clear antimicrobial activity against indicator strain Streptococcus aureus and by used sodium phosphate buffer (pH8) from an 80% ammonium sulfate precipitate. The inhibition  activity was determent by well diffusion assay method technique, Bacteriocin purification processes were carried out by using ion-exchange (Trisacryl SP) and gel filtration chromatography (Sephacryl – S300). The apparent molecular mass of partially purified bacteriocin was 15. 848 kDa,  Cell Culture was maintained in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) fetal calf serum,  Cytotoxicity of bacteriocin was assessed on human cell line (RD) and animal cell line (MDCK) cell viability after incubation for 48 h in medium containing 500AU/ml (1.15 mg/ml). Both cell types used in this study were sensitive to bacteriocin and the bacteriocin appeared to inhibit proliferation of tumor cell line. The animal cell line was more sensitivity than human cell line

Design, sssembly, and biological evaluation of protein nanoparticles as theranostic agents and for photodynamic therapy

Nanoparticles derived from proteins offer a smart material for the design of a new generation of anticancer therapies. In this thesis we describe a variety of novel photodynamic therapy (PDT), drug delivery, and imaging agents that have been combined to produce theranostic systems. The initial research focus was to produce a protein nanocage of Listeria innocua DNA binding protein from starved cells (LiDps) presenting the Gaussia princeps luciferase enzyme (GLuc) on its exterior (GLuc-LiDps) together with the Zn (II)-Protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) photosensitiser that has been covalently attached to the protein surface. This system operates as a PDT based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET). The cytotoxic effect of GLuc-LiDps-ZnPP nanoparticles in the presence of its substrate (coelenterazine) was tested against two types of breast cancer cell lines: SKBR3, MDA-MB-231, and also the MRC5 non-cancerous cell line, by means of an MTT assay. The results indicated that GLuc-LiDps-ZnPP nanoparticles plus coelenterazine could inhibit the growth and the migration of SKBR3 cells, out of those studied. Downregulation of the Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 anti-apoptotic proteins was also observed after treatment with GLuc-LiDps ZnPP-mediated PDT, suggesting the SKBR3 cells may be undergoing apoptosis. Furthermore, both flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy images demonstrated that the GLuc-LiDps-ZnPP appeared to be preferentially internalised in SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines without uptake in the MRC5 cell line. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels were significantly increased in SKBR3 cells compared to MDA-MB-231 cells in the presence of this PDT agent. Similarly, a C-terminal mini Singlet Oxygen Generator (miniSOG) photosensitiser was conjugated to LiDps and human apoferritin (HuAft). Moreover HuAft was fused with the ZHER2:342 Affibody (Afb) targeting peptide to form Afb-HuAft. This 6.7 kDa Afb protein has a high binding affinity for the Human Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (HER2), which is overexpressed on the surface of a number of tumour cells especially breast cancers. Both miniSOG-LiDps and miniSOG-HuAft fusion proteins were successfully expressed and purified and their subunits were self-assembled to form GLuc-LiDps:miniSOG-LiDps and Afb-HuAft:miniSOG-HuAft hybrid chimeric cages. Additionally GLuc was directly fused with miniSOG supplemented with LTVSPWY targeting peptide to produce a novel (GLuc-miniSOG-LTVSPWY) for targeting of HER2 overexpressed cancer cells, potentially applicable for PDT. Further study is required in order to thoroughly characterise the GLuc-miniSOG-LTVSPWY and the hybrid cages as well as determine their respective cytotoxicity. In the second objective, lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) were utilised as a drug delivery system and an imaging agent. The PbS QDs were capped with a cancer cell targeting agent (mutated Afb (Afb2C)) to form Afb2C-PbS QDs. This construct was further modified by conjugation with ZnPP to produce ZnPP-Afb2C-PbS QDs. The cytotoxic effect of Afb2C-PbS and ZnPP-Afb2C-PbS QDs were studied in vitro using SKBR3 (HER2 positive) and MDA-MB-231 (HER2 negative) cell lines. The results indicate that both types of PbS QDs display anti-proliferative activity against SKBR3 cells through inducement of cancer cell apoptosis and/or necrosis. This was observed from Pre-G1 phase arrest and an increase in cell population in late apoptosis and necrosis. These results may contribute to the development of cancer treatment using of nanoparticles derived from protein

Battery Charger Regulator With Fully Controlled Rectifier 15 V/5 A On Uninterruptable Power Supply

Fully controlled rectifier and Battery Charge Regulator (BCR). BCR is the main unit of UPS ( Uninterruptable Power Supply ) equipment. The fully controlled rectifier has the function of supplying voltage directly to the BCR, and the BCR has the function of regulating the battery charge. Forced charging the battery at a constant voltage with a current that matches the life of the battery will have an impact on decreasing battery life, besides that it will have an impact on the efficiency of using the battery. Controlling the input voltage of the charging battery as a function of the battery voltage is regulated by the magnitude of the charging current flow. Charging the battery via BCR is adjusted to the battery voltage so that BCR can control it by adjusting the voltage to 13.5 V for High Voltage Disconnected (HVD) and 10.5 V for Low Voltage Disconnected (LVD). Based on the test results of the performance of the full control rectifier system and BCR on a 12 V battery with a capacity of 5 Ah, it shows that the output voltage is A fully controlled 12 V rectifier, the BCR can charge an empty internal battery in a few minutes with a current varying from 2 .1 A to 0.1 A

Synthesis of 6-Aziridineyl and 6-Triazol-yl of D- Glucitol Derivatives

1,3 : 2,4 - Di - 0 -ethylidene - 5 -O - tosyl - 6 - ( 2 - cyano -1- aziridineyl ) -6- deoxy-‌D- glucitol (4) , 6- ( 2- acetate -1- aziridineyl ) derivative ( 5 ) and 6- ( 4- bromo methyl - 1,2,3- triazol -1-y1 ) ( 6 ) and the isomer ( 5- bromo methyl -1,2,3 - triazol-1-y1 ) derivative ( 7 ) were prepared from the mono tosylate mono azido derivative ( 3 ).Compound ( 3 ) underwent 1,3 - dipolar cycloaddition reactions with acrylonitrile and vinylacetate to give, the aziridine derivatives ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) via triazoline themolysis respectively, and with proprgyl bromide gave mixtuyre 1,2,3- triazol derivatives ( 6 ) and isomer ( 7 )

Distribution of Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibody in Patients with Clinically Suspected Thyroid Dysfunction

Background: Thyroid  peroxide had  been  characterized  as  an  integral  membrane  hemoprotein  catalyzes  thyroglobulin  iodination as well  as  the  coupling  of  the  di-iodotyrosine  residues  in  the  thyroglobulin molecule  to  form  thyroxine.  The  prevalence  of  Thyroid  peroxide autoantibody  varies in different types of thyroid gland diseases   and  is positive in 5-15% of healthy individuals higher  in  elderly,  but  mostly  in  low  titers. Objective: The  study  was  conducted  to  evaluate  the  relation  between  anti- Thyroid  peroxide antibody  and  T3,  T4,  and  TSH as thyroid function parameters  in  thyroid  disease patients. Patients and Methods: In  526  individuals  suspected  of  having  thyroid  disease,  from  January  2011  to  October  2011  in  Al-Yarmouk  Teaching  Hospital. Measurement of anti-Thyroid  peroxide antibody  (ELISA)  and  T3,  T4,  and  TSH  (RIA)  was done.  Results: Hyperthyroid  patients  constitute  about  287  patients  (54.56%)  of  total  sample  while  176  patients  (33.46%)  were  hypothyroid  and  63  individuals  (11.98%)  were  euthroid.392  individuals  (74.52%  of  the  patients)  were  females  while  134  (25.48%)  were  males.  Our  results  confirm  that  137  (26.05%)  of  the  patients  were  Thyroid  peroxide positive.  100  female patients  (72.99%)  and  37  male patients (27.01%).  Levels  of  T3,  T4,  and  TSH  in  individuals  with  negative  and  positive  anti- Thyroid  peroxide antibody  were  statically  insignificant. Conclusion: A  correlation  between  TSH,  T4  andT3  levels  and  abnormal  anti- Thyroid  peroxide antibodies  was  not  proved

Arduino Mega Based System Design for Sequence and Phase Difference Detection of Three-Phase Systems

In a three-phase system, the difference in the angle between the phases and the phase sequence of the system is very important to ensure the system functions normally and does not cause damage to the three-phase equipment connected to the system. Trigonometric formulas in multiphase systems are used to obtain the angle difference between the phases and the sequence of phases in the system. The trigonometric formula was tested in a simulation using MATLAB software, then applied to an Arduino Mega-based system. In the simulation, the data are two voltages vs. time with a certain phase angle difference, then using the trigonometric formula in the MATLAB program, the data is recovered from the phase angle difference and the direction of rotation of the two voltages. Based on the valid MATLAB simulation test results, the program algorithm is embedded in an Arduino Mega-based system equipped with 2 voltage sensors and a 2.4-inch TFT LCD. The Arduino Mega-based system has succeeded in detecting and visualizing in the form of a graph the angle difference between the phases and the direction of rotation of the three-phase system

Increasing frailty is associated with higher prevalence and reduced recognition of delirium in older hospitalised inpatients: results of a multi-centre study

Purpose: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder delineated by an acute change in cognition, attention, and consciousness. It is common, particularly in older adults, but poorly recognised. Frailty is the accumulation of deficits conferring an increased risk of adverse outcomes. We set out to determine how severity of frailty, as measured using the CFS, affected delirium rates, and recognition in hospitalised older people in the United Kingdom. Methods: Adults over 65 years were included in an observational multi-centre audit across UK hospitals, two prospective rounds, and one retrospective note review. Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), delirium status, and 30-day outcomes were recorded. Results: The overall prevalence of delirium was 16.3% (483). Patients with delirium were more frail than patients without delirium (median CFS 6 vs 4). The risk of delirium was greater with increasing frailty [OR 2.9 (1.8–4.6) in CFS 4 vs 1–3; OR 12.4 (6.2–24.5) in CFS 8 vs 1–3]. Higher CFS was associated with reduced recognition of delirium (OR of 0.7 (0.3–1.9) in CFS 4 compared to 0.2 (0.1–0.7) in CFS 8). These risks were both independent of age and dementia. Conclusion: We have demonstrated an incremental increase in risk of delirium with increasing frailty. This has important clinical implications, suggesting that frailty may provide a more nuanced measure of vulnerability to delirium and poor outcomes. However, the most frail patients are least likely to have their delirium diagnosed and there is a significant lack of research into the underlying pathophysiology of both of these common geriatric syndromes