13 research outputs found
Air particulate matter SRM 1648a primes macrophages to hyperinflammatory response after LPS stimulation
Objective Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is associated with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Macrophages
are responsible for the regulation of chronic inflammation. However, whether PM affects macrophage polarization
remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether nontoxic concentrations of urban PM are able to prime
macrophages to altered inflammatory response upon LPS challenge.
Methods We used two forms of the urban particulate matter SRM 1648a, intact PM and PM deprived of organic compounds
(PMC). Peritoneal murine macrophages were exposed to different concentrations of PM for 24 h and then challenged with
LPS. Production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages was measured to test immunostimulatory/priming capacity of
PM.
Results Particulate matter used at non-cytotoxic concentrations induced a dose-dependent production of proinflammatory
cytokines (, IL-6, IL-12p40). By contrast, PM C were not able to stimulate macrophages. However, macrophages
primed with both forms of PM show proinflammatory response upon LPS challenge.
Conclusions Our data indicate that exposure of macrophages to low concentrations of PM may prime the cells to hyperinflammatory
response upon contact with LPS. Further studies are necessary to explain whether the exposure of patients
suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases to particulate matter is responsible for the exacerbation of clinical symptoms
during bacterial infections
Effect of selected biofilm inhibitors, N-acetylcysteine and DNase, on some biological properties of taurine haloamines (TauCl and TauBr)
Further studies on immunomodulatory effects of exopolysaccharide isolated from Lactobacillus rhamnosus KL37C
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is a potent inducer of phagocyte hyperinflammation
Objective Pseudomonas aeruginosa effectively facilitate resistance to phagocyte killing by biofilm formation. However,b the
cross talk between biofilm components and phagocytes is still unclear. We hypothesize that a biofilm provides a concentrated
extracellular source of LPS, DNA and exopolysaccharides (EPS), which polarize neighbouring phagocytes into an adverse
hyperinflammatory state of activation.
Methods We measured the release of a panel of mediators produced in vitro by murine neutrophils and macrophages exposed
to various biofilm components of P. aeruginosa cultures.
Results We found that conditioned media from a high biofilm-producing strain of P. aeruginosa, PAR5, accumulated high
concentrations of extracellular bacterial LPS, DNA and EPS by 72 h. These conditioned media induced phagocytes to release
a hyperinflammatory pattern of mediators, with enhanced levels of , IL-6, IL12p40,
and NO. Moreover, the
phagocytes also upregulated COX-2 and iNOS with no influence on the expression of arginase-1.
Conclusions Phagocytes exposed to biofilm microenvironment, called by us biofilm-associated neutrophils/macrophages
(BANs/BAMs), display secretory properties similar to that of N1/M1-type phagocytes. These results suggest that in vivo
high concentrations of LPS and DNA, trapped in biofilm by EPS, might convert infiltrating phagocytes into cells responsible
for tissue injury without direct contact with bacteria and phagocytosis