Hybrid Infant Warmer

ME450 Capstone Design and Manufacturing Experience: Winter 2015An estimated 15 million babies are born preterm each year (before 37 weeks of pregnancy are complete). Preterm birth complications are the leading cause of death among children under 5 years of age, responsible for nearly 1 million deaths in 2013. The World Health Organization recommends that Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), where the baby is carried by the mother with skin-to-skin contact and frequent breastfeeding, is a particularly effective and safe alternative to conventional neonatal care for the management of low birth weight infants, especially in underresourced settings. KMC has been shown to prevent infections, promote breastfeeding, regulate the baby’s temperature, breathing, and brain activity, and encourage mother and baby bonding. Initiated in hospitals, KMC has the potential to reduce reduce newborn deaths by 51% for preterm babies who are stable. Current uptake of the practice is however low. The goal of this project is to design a low cost and hybrid infant warming device for use in low-resource settings that promotes Kangaroo Mother Care and transitions to a standalone incubator when the mother cannot maintain skin-to-skin contact.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111314/1/17_Report.pd

Vaping-Associated Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Case Classification and Clinical Guidance

Exposure to vaping is associated with a growing list of respiratory syndromes including an acute progressive form with life-threatening hypoxemic respiratory failure and pathologic changes of lung injury termed vaping-associated respiratory distress syndrome. Data Sources: Center from Disease Control, Departments of Public Health, MEDLINE (via PubMed), and the Cochrane Library. Study Selection Data Extraction and Data Synthesis: Cases, series, and public health reports of cases that met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition of vaping-associated respiratory disease were extracted by an author with perfect verification by a second. Cases were classified on the basis of toxin exposure, symptoms, oxygen saturation, progression to respiratory failure, and pathologic features, and a clinically actionable system of classification was based on expert opinion. Conclusions: The reported spectrum of vaping-associated respiratory diseases allows clinical classification of cases into groups with distinct evaluation, management, and recommendations for prevention and follow-up. Clinical stratification also identifies a small proportion of vaping-exposed patients who are at risk for progression to hypoxemic respiratory failure and an acute respiratory distress syndrome-like illness

Risk factors for dementia in Parkinson’s Disease — the overuse of anticholinergic drugs

Aim of the study. To determine the risk factors for dementia in a group of patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), especially the effect of the anticholinergic burden assessed according to the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden scale (ACB) and the CRIDECO Anticholinergic Load Scale (CALS). Clinical rationale for the study. To provide information about factors associated with Parkinson’s Disease dementia (PDD), especially the anticholinergic burden and testing the effect of both scales in an assessment of the anticholinergic burden in this group of patients. Material and methods. A retrospective and cross-sectional analysis of medical records of patients with Parkinson’s Disease admitted to the Neurology Department of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland between 2019 and 2021 was performed. We found 418 patients with a diagnosis of PD, but 80 were excluded due to lack of a cognitive function assessment. Based on MMSE score, the remaining 338 patients were divided into two groups of patients with, and without, PDD. Next, demographic and clinical data was collected. The anticholinergic burden was assessed using the ACB and the CALS scales. According to the authors of these scales, : if a scale score is of three or more points, this should be considered as a significant anticholinergic burden. Multiple logistic regression with backward elimination was used to assess factors significantly related to the presence of dementia, and two different models were used for both scales assessing the anticholinergic burden. Results. 62 (18.3%) patients were diagnosed with PDD. Overall significant anticholinergic burden (≥ 3 points) was found in 31.95% of patients using CALS and in 18.93% using ACB. Anticholinergic burden was higher in patients with dementia (CALS 50 vs. 27.90%, p < 0.001, ACB 43.5 vs. 13.41%, p < 0.001). According to both models, the factors significantly related to dementia were: age (ACB OR 1,114 (1.062–1.170), p < 0.001, CALS OR 1.123 (1.070–1.178), p < 0.001), significant anticholinergic burden (ACB OR 3.433 (1.746–6.750), p < 0.001, CALS OR 2.166 (1.157–4.055), p = 0.016) disease severity in the Hoehn-Yahr scale (ACB OR 1.752 (1.197–2.565), p = 0.004, CALS OR 1.831 (1.256–2.670), p = 0.002) and atrial fibrillation (ACB OR 5.593 (1.417–22.083), p = 0.014, CALS OR 5.159 (1.314–20.254), p = 0.016). Conclusions and clinical implications. The anticholinergic burden is larger in PDD patients compared to PD patients without dementia. CALS or ACB scales are helpful in this risk assessment and might be crucial to avoid the development of PDD, especially in older PD patients with multimorbidities