Entrapment of Suprascapular Artery between Split Parts of Right Inferior Belly of Omohyoid Muscle - A Rare Case Report

Inferior belly of omohyoid is used as a landmark for endoscopic exploration of the brachial plexus. Variation of inferior belly of omohyoid muscle has immense clinical significance because of its relation to brachial plexus, external jugular vein, suprascapular nerve, vessels and phrenic nerve. The need to understand muscular variation is of greater importance because of the increased number of endoscopic surgeries and images for diagnosis. A number of variations of omohyoid muscle such as the absence of muscle, unusual sites of origin and insertion, and multiple bellies have been reported. Doubling or splitting of superior belly of the omohyoid has been reported several times. However, the splitting of the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle is rarely reported. Herein we report a case of unusual splitting of inferior belly of omohyoid muscle. During the dissection for undergraduate students at AIIMS Bhubaneswar, unusual morphology of inferior belly of omohyoid muscle was observed in formalin embalmed 60-year-old male cadaver. The inferior belly of omohyoid was split. Another important finding observed was suprascapular artery entrapment between the split upper and lower parts of belly of inferior omohyoid with slight indentation mark on the artery suggestive of chronic compression. This muscle is used for various important clinical procedures and is an important landmark for radical neck dissection. So, the knowledge of possible anomalies of omohyoid is important

COMPARISON OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS BETWEEN SYNOSTOSIS VERTEBRAE AND NORMAL VERTEBRAE WITH ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Objective: Vertebral synostosis results in disturbance in postural biomechanics causing early degenerative changes like osteophytes formation, neurological deficits and disc prolapse in the advance age. The present study was aimed to assess the incidence of vertebral synostosis in eastern region of India and to see the comparisons of morphometric parameters between synostosis vertebrae and normal vertebrae. Material & Method: In present study, we observed a total of 1506 fully ossified vertebrae Results: Case 1: Incomplete fusion of 6th and 7th cervical vertebra. The intervertebral foramen dimensions of fused cervical vertebra decreases as compare to normal intervertebral foramen of cervical vertebra. Case 2: partial fusion of 12th thoracic vertebra with 1st lumbar vertebra. Case 3: complete fusion between the 4th lumbar vertebras with 5th lumbar vertebra. The features of the vertebral synostosis were analysed in detail. The total incidence of vertebral synostosis found to be 0.199%. Conclusion:Congenital vertebral synostosis may be due congenital condition or may be due to acquired condition. Diagnosis of such anomalies can be of great importance for the patients so that necessary management or lifestyle changes can be done to prevent the severity of degeneratio

The Resurgence of 3D printing: As a tool in advance medical education: 3D printing tool in advance medical education

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how to take the best advantage of three-dimensional (3D) printing in medical education in favor to increase the medical student's ability to provide out-of-the-box medical care for unexpected challenges in clinical competencies. Is there a need to purchase a 3D printer in each medical college? With changing needs, educational advancements, and technological revolutions, we need to update the method of imparting knowledge and skills to medical students.3D printing is one of them, a strategy to facilitate active learning. Studying the literature by searching articles in PubMed related to the implementation of 3D printed models in different subjects of the MBBS undergraduate curriculum, we found that there has been the creation of multiple models in every field of medical science. The designing of a 3D model allows the student to study from multiple angles and find the solution to medical problems, cut down operating time, surgical planning, enhancing motor skill, no ethical issue, decreasing the cadaveric dissection, help in understanding the physiological process, etc. Concerning the limited use of the living cells as a material in bioprinting is a challenging but promising area to continue to explore. (Total words -193