GlobalHAB: Evaluating, reducing and mitigating the cost of Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium of case studies

3 pagesOver the last two decades, several reports have been compiled on what is known about the economic impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs; e.g., Anderson et al., 2000; Hoagland and Scatasta, 2006; Trainer and Yoshida, 2014, and Sanseverino et al., 2016). Although these reports attempted to gather comprehensive economic impact data, both the type and amount of data available were limited. One past study estimated the cost of HABs in the European Union at $800 million USD per year (Hoagland and Scatasta, 2006) but most of that cost was extrapolated for very few HAB organisms. Furthermore, most countries have neither conducted economic analyses of HABs nor collected data that can be used to generate reliable quantitative estimates of net economic losses and economic impacts. The lack of data, appropriate and standardized protocols, and the dearth of peer-reviewed studies hampers efforts to quantify the societal costs of increasingly frequent, intense and long-lasting HAB events and to help evaluate the cost of various strategies being developed for HAB prevention, control, and mitigation. [...

IOC-SCOR GlobalHAB Workshop: Evaluating, Reducing and Mitigating the Cost of Harmful Algal Blooms: a Compendium of Case Studies

2 pagesOver the last two decades, several re-ports have compiled what is known about the economic impacts of harm-ful algal blooms (HABs) [1-4]. Although these reports attempted to gather comprehensive economic impact data, both the type and amount of data available were limited. One past study estimated the cost of HABs in the European Union at $800 Million [2] but most of that cost was extrapolated for a very few HAB organisms. [...

Introduction

4 pagesOver the last two decades, several efforts have been addressed to compile what is known about the economic impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs; e.g., Anderson et al., 2000; Hoagland and Scatasta 2006; Huppert and Trainer, 2014; Trainer and Yoshida, 2014; Sanseverino et al., 2016). One study estimated the annual cost of HABs in the European Union at 800 million USD (Hoagland and Scatasta, 2006) but most of that cost was extrapolated from very few HAB organisms. In China, a single Karenia mikimotoi event in 2012 caused up to 330 million USD loss to the mariculture industry, mostly cultivated abalone (Guo et al., 2014). Although past reports have attempted to gather comprehensive economic impact data (e.g., Trainer and Yoshida, 2014), both the type and amount of information were limited, highlighting the need for collaboration between HAB scientists and economists. Furthermore, most countries have neither conducted economic analyses of HABs nor collected data that can be used to generate reliable quantitative estimates of net economic losses and impacts. The lack of data, appropriate and standardized protocols, and the dearth of peer-reviewed studies hamper efforts to quantify the societal costs of regionally frequent, intense, and long-lasting HAB events and to help evaluate the cost of various strategies being developed for HAB prevention, control, and mitigation. [...]Peer reviewe

Commonalities and Considerations for the Future

5 pagesThe consequences of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) fall into two primary groups: categorical effects on human and ecosystem health, and the varied socio-economic consequences stemming from their occurrence. The effects on human health tend to be limited in much of the developed world due to extensive and costly monitoring practices linked to the implementation of governmental regulations that minimize, and ideally prevent, the transfer of toxic seafood to consumers. Socio-economic impacts, on the other hand, transpire with every HAB event, differ in their character and magnitude, and to date have been poorly quantified, particularly for indirect impacts. [...]Peer reviewe

Validity of the 30-Second Chair-Stand Test to Assess Exercise Tolerance and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Study with Reference to 6-Minute Walk Test Results

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the validity of a 30-sec chair stand test (CS-30) as a simple test to assess exercise tolerance and clinical outcomes in 53 Japanese patients with esophageal cancer. There was a strong correlation between the results of CS-30 and the 6-min walk test (6MWT), the gold standard for assessing exercise tolerance (r=0.759). Furthermore, fewer patients whose CS-30 score was greater than 16 (the cutoff value defined based on 6MWT) experienced pneumonia in their postoperative course. These results suggest that exercise tolerance could be assessed using CS-30, and its cutoff value may be useful in predicting postoperative pneumonia risk