INFLUENCE OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON LIPID PROFILE IN MALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

ABSTRACT There is much controversy about which components in the lipid profile are mainly altered in response to cigarette smoking, and whether those lipid profile components influence other parts directly or indirectly and vice versa. The present study was undertaken to clarify the influence of daily cigarette smoking on the components of lipid profile. The study comprised Group 1 (3-5 cigarettes/ day) and Group 2 (lower and higher frequency of smoking). Plasma LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides in Group 1 were found significantly increased for smokers compared to the healthy control non-smoking subjects. Group 2 comparisons showed significantly increased levels of triglycerides at 1-5 cigarettes per day frequency, HDL-C and triglycerides for 6-10 and 10-15 cigarettes per day, and all components of lipid profile studied for > 15 cigarettes per day frequency. The present study is hence, helpful for future studies in elucidating the underlying mechanism causing series of changes influenced by smoking activity

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

ELECTROLYTE CHANGES IN CIGARETTE SMOKING MALE STUDENTS

ABSTRACT: The Cigarette smoke reaches quickly to heart, brain and other parts of our body and may cause effects in less than a second as it is inhaled directly into the alveoli and is diffused into the pulmonary vein. Inspite of numerous studies to elucidate the role of electrolytes in smoking, no clear understanding of the influence of cigarette smoking on electrolytes is still known in literature partly because of varying methodological approaches while assessing the clinical and physiological manifestations. Hence, it was planned to carry out the present study involving university male students having habit of cigarette smoking for varying periods. No significant variations for plasma sodium and potassium, but a clear significant decrease in calcium levels were obtained in a group of subjects smoking 3-5 cigarettes per day. Another group of subjects having varying levels of cigarettes smoking activity (cigarettes/ day) showed significant decrease in plasma sodium, potassium and calcium. The present investigation, hence provides basic information about the pathogenetic role of electrolytes in cigarette smoking, and emphasizes for further comprehensive studies essentially required to be conducted with appropriate control measurements

Modulation of the ventilatory response to exercise in humans

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