Determination of Correlation for Extreme Metocean Variables

Metocean environmental load includes wind, wave and currents. Offshore structures are designed for two environmental load design conditions i.e. extreme and operational load conditions of environmental loads are evaluated. The ccorrelation between load variables using Joint probability distribution, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients methods in Peninsular Malaysia (PM), Sabah and Sarawak are computed. Joint probability distribution method is considered as a reliable method among three different methods to determine the relationship between load variables. The PM has good correlation between the wind-wave and wave-current; Sabah has both strong relationships of wind-wave and wind-current with 50 year return period; Sarawak has good correlation between wind and current in both 50 years and 100 years return period. Since Sabah has good correlation between the associated load variables, no matter in 50 years or 100 years of return period of load combination. Thus, method 1 of ISO 19901-1, specimen provides guideline for metocean loading conditions, can be adopted for design for offshore structure in Sabah. However, due to weak correlations in PM and Sarawak, this method cannot be applied and method 2, which is current practice in offshore industry, should continueto be used

Determination of Correlation for Extreme Metocean Variables

Metocean environmental load includes wind, wave and currents. Offshore structures are designed for two environmental load design conditions i.e. extreme and operational load conditions of environmental loads are evaluated. The ccorrelation between load variables using Joint probability distribution, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients methods in Peninsular Malaysia (PM), Sabah and Sarawak are computed. Joint probability distribution method is considered as a reliable method among three different methods to determine the relationship between load variables. The PM has good correlation between the wind-wave and wave-current; Sabah has both strong relationships of wind-wave and wind-current with 50 year return period; Sarawak has good correlation between wind and current in both 50 years and 100 years return period. Since Sabah has good correlation between the associated load variables, no matter in 50 years or 100 years of return period of load combination. Thus, method 1 of ISO 19901-1, specimen provides guideline for metocean loading conditions, can be adopted for design for offshore structure in Sabah. However, due to weak correlations in PM and Sarawak, this method cannot be applied and method 2, which is current practice in offshore industry, should continueto be used

Artocarpus altilis compound based study for anti-cancer proliferation on Hela cell via electroporation method

Survivors of cancer often have multiple permanent side effects due to the usage of drugs during the therapy. This study combining the compound artocarpus altilis and the optimized electroporation method for maximum HeLa cancer cell anti-proliferation activity. Artocarpus altilis or also known as sukun, is a natural compound, which has the capability to treat cancer as it has anti-proliferation effect in cancerous cells. Hence, in this current work, voltage amplitude of 200V/cm, 400V/cm, 600V/cm, 800V/cm, 100V/cm with 30μs of pulse duration used in electroporating HeLa cancer cell to look at the effects on cell’s extension, cell size and growth rate. However, this study requires further investigation to identify the optimal electroporation conditions that can be applied to effectively deliver the artocarpus altilis extracts to the HeLa cancer cells in order to inhibit its proliferation.Keywords: electroporation; irreversible electroporation; artocarpus altilis