Recommendations for the surveillance of education and employment outcomes in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer: A report from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group.

Educational achievement and employment outcomes are critical indicators of quality of life in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer. This review is aimed at providing an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) with internationally harmonized recommendations for the surveillance of education and employment outcomes in survivors of CAYA cancer diagnosed before the age of 30 years. The CPG was developed by a multidisciplinary panel under the umbrella of the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. After evaluating concordances and discordances of 4 existing CPGs, the authors performed a systematic literature search through February 2021. They screened articles for eligibility, assessed quality, and extracted and summarized the data from included articles. The authors formulated recommendations based on the evidence and clinical judgment. There were 3930 articles identified, and 83 of them, originating from 17 countries, were included. On a group level, survivors were more likely to have lower educational achievement and more likely to be unemployed than comparisons. Key risk factors for poor outcomes included receiving a primary diagnosis of a central nervous system tumor and experiencing late effects. The authors recommend that health care providers be aware of the risk of educational and employment problems, implement regular surveillance, and refer survivors to specialists if problems are identified. In conclusion, this review presents a harmonized CPG that aims to facilitate evidence-based care, positively influence education and employment outcomes, and ultimately minimize the burden of disease and treatment-related late adverse effects for survivors of CAYA cancers. LAY SUMMARY: A multidisciplinary panel has developed guidelines for the surveillance of education and employment outcomes among survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer. On the basis of evidence showing that survivors are at risk for lower educational achievement and unemployment, it is recommended that all survivors receive regular screening for educational and employment outcomes

Accuracy of Risk Perception and Evaluation of Risk Communication in Patients with Cadiovascular Risk Factors.

This study investigated accuracy of risk perception in a population with CVD risk factors (hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia) and assessed whether risk perception would become more accurate after receiving personalised risk information. In addition, the impact of risk perception on medication adherence was studied. A prospective, repeated measures design was used, recruiting patients attending their first appointment at a hypertension or lipid clinic. 12 participants completed baseline questionnaires and seven participants received personalised risk information about their risk of having a myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke (based on Framingham risk data) after which they completed a second set of questionnaires. The main outcome measure was absolute and relative risk perception of having a MI or stroke, compared with actual risk score. Results showed that most participants overestimated their absolute and relative risk of having a MI or stroke in the next 10 years at baseline. Risk perception shifted towards greater accuracy following risk information in participants who overestimated their risk, although they still tended to overestimate it. No conclusions could be drawn about participants who underestimated their risk due to limited data. Due to the small sample size it can only be tentatively concluded that personalised risk information can be an aid in terms of correcting inaccurate risk perceptions. In addition, more research is needed to explain why overestimated risk perceptions were reduced but not abandoned

Accuracy of Risk Perception and Evaluation of Risk Communication in Patients with Cadiovascular Risk Factors.

This study investigated accuracy of risk perception in a population with CVD risk factors (hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia) and assessed whether risk perception would become more accurate after receiving personalised risk information. In addition, the impact of risk perception on medication adherence was studied. A prospective, repeated measures design was used, recruiting patients attending their first appointment at a hypertension or lipid clinic. 12 participants completed baseline questionnaires and seven participants received personalised risk information about their risk of having a myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke (based on Framingham risk data) after which they completed a second set of questionnaires. The main outcome measure was absolute and relative risk perception of having a MI or stroke, compared with actual risk score. Results showed that most participants overestimated their absolute and relative risk of having a MI or stroke in the next 10 years at baseline. Risk perception shifted towards greater accuracy following risk information in participants who overestimated their risk, although they still tended to overestimate it. No conclusions could be drawn about participants who underestimated their risk due to limited data. Due to the small sample size it can only be tentatively concluded that personalised risk information can be an aid in terms of correcting inaccurate risk perceptions. In addition, more research is needed to explain why overestimated risk perceptions were reduced but not abandoned

Accuracy of risk perception and evaluation of risk communication in patients with cardiovascular risk factors

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Involving Non-Players in Pervasive Games

In traditional computer games, it is not uncommon for the game world to be inhabited by numerous computer-generated characters, Non-Player Characters (NPCs). In pervasive games, players play among human non-players as well and it becomes very tempting to use them as a game asset; as non-playing characters. Humans behave unpredictably and intelligently, and for this reason games set in real social context become more challenging for players than any preprogrammed environment can be. But however tempting the idea is, the use of non-players has implications on people’s personal privacy. We report on a scenario-based study where people were interviewed about a set of game designs, all to some extent relying on information about non-players. We propose that in particular non-player anonymity and the ability to hold players accountable for their actions will affect non-player acceptance of pervasive games

Recommendations for the surveillance of education and employment outcomes in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer: A report from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group

Educational achievement and employment outcomes are critical indicators of quality of life in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer. This review is aimed at providing an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) with internationally harmonized recommendations for the surveillance of education and employment outcomes in survivors of CAYA cancer diagnosed before the age of 30 years. The CPG was developed by a multidisciplinary panel under the umbrella of the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. After evaluating concordances and discordances of 4 existing CPGs, the authors performed a systematic literature search through February 2021. They screened articles for eligibility, assessed quality, and extracted and summarized the data from included articles. The authors formulated recommendations based on the evidence and clinical judgment. There were 3930 articles identified, and 83 of them, originating from 17 countries, were included. On a group level, survivors were more likely to have lower educational achievement and more likely to be unemployed than comparisons. Key risk factors for poor outcomes included receiving a primary diagnosis of a central nervous system tumor and experiencing late effects. The authors recommend that health care providers be aware of the risk of educational and employment problems, implement regular surveillance, and refer survivors to specialists if problems are identified. In conclusion, this review presents a harmonized CPG that aims to facilitate evidence-based care, positively influence education and employment outcomes, and ultimately minimize the burden of disease and treatment-related late adverse effects for survivors of CAYA cancers. LAY SUMMARY: A multidisciplinary panel has developed guidelines for the surveillance of education and employment outcomes among survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer. On the basis of evidence showing that survivors are at risk for lower educational achievement and unemployment, it is recommended that all survivors receive regular screening for educational and employment outcomes