The Higher Education Landscape for Student Service Members and Veterans in Indiana

The road to higher education can be long and challenging. The demands of academic work combined with employment, family, friends, and social life prove insurmountable for somestudents. Students who are now servingor have served their country in the Armed Forces and want to attend college may face unique obstacles that impede their progress. In this report, we consider the needs of student service members and veterans and the readiness of campuses across Indiana to serve them. We also highlight innovative programming across the nation that addresses gaps in support for student service members and veterans. The United States is currently experiencing the longest and largest-scale sustained involvement in war in recent history. Over 1.6 million deployments have occurred to support Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) in Iraq and/or Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan and over 420,000 troops have served on multiple deployments. The drawdown in the size of the Armed Forces during the 1990s increased the role of the National Guard and Reserves in our nation's military. As a result, members of the National Guard and Reserves are currently serving longer, more frequent deployments than since World War II, with approximately 38% deployed, and 84,000 deploying more than once. When they are not on active duty, many members of the National Guard and Reserves are students at institutions of higher learning. After completing their service, many active duty military members pursue higher education using the benefits they receive via the GI Bill. The presence of student service members and veterans on college campuses -- and their families -- is likely to increase given recent expansions in GI Bill benefits and continued large-scale deployments

Blessing or Burden? The Impact of PTSD Service Dogs on Military Families

While PTSD service dogs are specifically trained to interact with their veterans, emerging evidence suggests that service dogs may also have an impact on other members of veteran households. To our knowledge, only one study quantifies these effects focused on veteran spouses (McCall et al., 2020). Our study aimed to quantitatively measure the impact of PTSD service dogs on military family wellbeing. Data was collected from survey responses of 88 veteran spouses who rated their experiences on standardized outcome measures. Each spouse answered the surveys at two time points: (1) baseline, and (2) three months post-baseline (follow-up). Spouses in the control group (n=40) were on the waitlist for a service dog for both baseline and follow-up, while the service dog group (n=48) received a service dog after baseline. Multiple regression analysis yielded statistically significant differences between the waitlist and service dog groups which suggested that service dogs may increase caregiver burden and decrease caregiver satisfaction, but potentially encourage increased participation in activities for veteran spouses. Small effect sizes suggested service dogs may also foster increased companionship and positive affect in veteran spouses. Analyses indicated no notable impact on veteran children. These findings suggest that the impact of PTSD service dogs may extend to veteran spouses, potentially encouraging interest and investment in this complementary intervention option. Two statistically significant negative effects emphasize the need to inform the military family of practical strategies to minimize possible detrimental effects, which would likely lead to an improved family experience with the service dog

Associations of military divorce with mental, behavioral, and physical health outcomes

Background Divorce has been linked with poor physical and mental health outcomes among civilians. Given the unique stressors experienced by U.S. service members, including lengthy and/or multiple deployments, this study aimed to examine the associations of recent divorce on health and military outcomes among a cohort of U.S. service members. Methods Millennium Cohort participants from the first enrollment panel, married at baseline (2001–2003), and married or divorced at follow-up (2004–2006), (N = 29,314). Those divorced were compared to those who remained married for mental, behavioral, physical health, and military outcomes using logistic regression models. Results Compared to those who remained married, recently divorced participants were significantly more likely to screen positive for new-onset posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, smoking initiation, binge drinking, alcohol-related problems, and experience moderate weight gain. However, they were also more likely be in the highest 15thpercentile of physical functioning, and be able to deploy within the subsequent 3-year period after divorce. Conclusions Recent divorce among military members was associated with adverse mental health outcomes and risky behaviors, but was also associated with higher odds of subsequent deployment. Attention should be given to those recently divorced regarding mental health and substance abuse treatment and prevention strategies

Ultra-rapid development and deployment of a family resilience program during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from Families Tackling Tough Times Together

The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic brought uncertainty, anxiety, and stress into households; however, it also created an opportunity as many families, sequestered at home, found themselves spending much more time together. To support families and improve their ability to cope, recover, and build resilience amid the pandemic, Purdue University’s College of Health and Human Sciences (HHS) launched Families Tackling Tough Times Together (FT), a strength-based multi-week online program informed by scientific evidence about family resilience. Offered through a Facebook group, FT targeted parents or caregivers, children, youth, young adults, older adults, and helping professionals serving families. FT was designed to appeal to both military and civilian families, in part because both groups were experiencing similar challenges associated with the pandemic. This was not only an opportunity to bring civilian and military families together, but also for civilian families to learn from the experiences of military families in surmounting significant challenges. This article describes the development and implementation of the FT program, as well as lessons learned. Strategies highlighted in this article may be helpful to researchers or practitioners who wish to implement a rapid-response intervention aimed at building family resilience

Reported Barriers to Mental Health Care in Three Samples of U.S. Army National Guard Soldiers at Three Time Points

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/108379/1/jts21942.pd

Age, Tenure, Resources for Control, and Organizational Commitment

Objectives. A higher level of organizational commitment for older and more experienced workers has primarily been explained via exchange theory or a cohort effect. We use an agency‐structure framework to explain that higher levels of commitment result from feelings of control in the workplace. Methods. We examine this framework using data from a survey of 400 unionized factory workers in the Midwest. Results. The relationship between organizational commitment and predictors is affected by worker career stage. Most significantly, the commitment for older and more experienced workers increases with high levels of autonomy, while the opposite is true for younger and less experienced workers. Conclusions. When workers experience greater control at the point of production, they express greater organizational commitment. Although empowering for older and experienced workers, having freedom at work can be threatening or destabilizing for the younger workers, who may prefer more guidance

Effectiveness of a multimedia outreach kit for families of wounded veterans

Background - Young children in military families with a member who has a life changing injury can experience emotional difficulties and behavior changes. Objective - This study evaluated a Sesame Workshop multimedia kit called: Talk, Listen, Connect: Changes (TLC-II(C); 2008). The kit, which included video and print materials, aimed to help caregivers (i.e., at-home partner, at-home relative or family member of a current or discharged military member) assist young children as they adjusted to their parent's injury. We expected that the materials would be used and their quality evaluated. We hypothesized that use of the materials would produce improvements in caregiver and child outcomes as well as reductions in perceptions of disruption in the home. We also predicted that kit-use would have a positive impact on the family. Methods - One-hundred and fifty three families with children aged 2–8 years were randomly assigned to receive the kit being evaluated (TLC-II(C)) or a control kit (Healthy Habits for Life (HHL)), also developed by Sesame Workshop. Group outcomes were compared four weeks following receipt of the kits using multivariate analysis of variance. Results - All materials were well used and highly rated. All caregivers reported less social isolation, less child aggression, and significantly less disruptive home environments after kit use. Test group caregivers reported significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms and significant increases in children's social competence over time in comparison to the control group. Conclusions - These results signal important improvements among families as a consequence of using either test or control materials. As a preventative intervention designed for families with an injured member, TLC-II(C) was particularly effective at improving coping

The Use of University Services and Student Retention: Differential Links for Student Service Members or Veterans and Civilian Students

Grounded in research and theory on college student retention, this study assessed differences in the use of various university services and the influence of key personnel on retention-related outcomes of student service members or veterans (SSM/Vs) compared with civilian students. Participants included 386 students, 199 (154 male, 45 female) of which were SSM/Vs and 187 (87 male, 100 female) were civilian students. Data were collected via electronic survey. Analyses revealed that civilian students visited advisors and faculty more frequently than SSM/Vs; no differences were evident for visits to registrars\u27 offices, financial aid offices, or student organizations. Visits to advisors and faculty were positively related to SSM/Vs\u27 expectations for degree completion and perception of university environment, yet unrelated to civilian students\u27 outcomes. Overall, this work suggests that university officials should invest in educating the personnel who are most influential in SSM/Vs outcomes about the unique needs of student veterans