153 research outputs found
Gas and stellar spiral structures in tidally perturbed disc galaxies
Tidal interactions between disc galaxies and low mass companions are an
established method for generating galactic spiral features. In this work we
present a study of the structure and dynamics of spiral arms driven in
interactions between disc galaxies and perturbing companions in 3-D
N-body/smoothed hydrodynamical numerical simulations. Our specific aims are to
characterize any differences between structures formed in the gas and stars
from a purely hydrodynamical and gravitational perspective, and to find a
limiting case for spiral structure generation. Through analysis of a number of
different interacting cases, we find that there is very little difference
between arm morphology, pitch angles and pattern speeds between the two media.
The main differences are a minor offset between gas and stellar arms, clear
spurring features in gaseous arms, and different radial migration of material
in the stronger interacting cases. We investigate the minimum mass of a
companion required to drive spiral structure in a galactic disc, finding the
limiting spiral generation cases with companion masses of the order
, equivalent to only 4% of the stellar disc mass, or 0.5%
of the total galactic mass of a Milky Way analogue.Comment: 20 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA
The Full Re-Ionization of Helium
Observations of resolved HeII Lyman alpha absorption in spectra of two QSO's
suggest that the epoch of helium ionization occurred at z~3. Proximity zones in
the spectra of the quasars (z=3.18, 3.285) at 304 A resemble Stromgren spheres,
suggesting that the intergalactic medium is only singly ionized in helium. We
present models of the proximity effect which include the full physics of the
ionization, heating and cooling and an accurately simulated inhomogeneous gas
distribution. In these models the underdense intergalactic medium is heated to
at least 10,000-20,000 K after cooling to as low as a few 1000 K due to
cosmological expansion, with higher temperatures achieved farther away from the
quasar due to absorption-hardened ionizing spectra. The quasars turn on for a
few times 10^7 years with a fairly steady flux output at 228 A comparable to
the 304 A flux output directly observed with HST. The recoveries in the spectra
occur naturally due to voids in the IGM and may provide a fairly
model-independent probe of the baryon density.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "After the Dark
Ages: When Galaxies were Young (the Universe at 2<z<5)", 9th Annual October
Astrophysics Conference in Marylan
A Superbubble Feedback Model for Galaxy Simulations
We present a new stellar feedback model that reproduces superbubbles.
Superbubbles from clustered young stars evolve quite differently to individual
supernovae and are substantially more efficient at generating gas motions. The
essential new components of the model are thermal conduction, sub-grid
evaporation and a sub-grid multi-phase treatment for cases where the simulation
mass resolution is insufficient to model the early stages of the superbubble.
The multi-phase stage is short compared to superbubble lifetimes. Thermal
conduction physically regulates the hot gas mass without requiring a free
parameter. Accurately following the hot component naturally avoids overcooling.
Prior approaches tend to heat too much mass, leaving the hot ISM below K
and susceptible to rapid cooling unless ad-hoc fixes were used. The hot phase
also allows feedback energy to correctly accumulate from multiple, clustered
sources, including stellar winds and supernovae.
We employ high-resolution simulations of a single star cluster to show the
model is insensitive to numerical resolution, unresolved ISM structure and
suppression of conduction by magnetic fields. We also simulate a Milky Way
analog and a dwarf galaxy. Both galaxies show regulated star formation and
produce strong outflows.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures; replaced with version accepted to MNRA
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