Validity of the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire for Japanese Patients with Cancer Undergoing Outpatient Chemotherapy

Purpose : To investigate the utility of the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) in the nutritional evaluation of patients with cancer undergoing outpatient chemotherapy. Methods :We included 229 patients with cancer who were undergoing outpatient chemotherapy between October 2015 and April 2016. The SNAQ and the revised SNAQ (addition of age and body mass index) were implemented, and their relationships with Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), an indicator of bionutritional assessment, were examined. Results : The cutoff value of the SNAQ score corresponding to moderate-to-severe undernourishment in CONUT values was 0.5, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 65.9%, and the corresponding values for the revised SNAQ score were 2.5, 91.7%, and 62.9%, respectively. This cutoff value and the corresponding positive prediction value for the revised SNAQ were superior to those of SNAQ. Binary logistic regression analysis with the revised SNAQ and sex as independent variables and the CONUT value as the dependent variable revealed that the higher the SNAQ score, the more likely it was that CONUT moderate-to-severe undernourishment would be identified (odds ratio, 1.48 ; , 1.34-1.96) . Conclusion : Nutritional evaluation with the revised SNAQ can predict moderateto- severe undernourishment according to CONUT in patients with cancer undergoing outpatient chemotherapy

ショウガク 1ネンセイ ニオケル ヨウチエン シュッシンシャ ト ホイクショ シュッシンシャ ノ エイヨウ セッシュ ジョウキョウ ノ ヒカク

京都市内の一小学校の1年生120名を対象者に, 6月の休日および平日各1日に摂取した全食品の摂食量の記録を保護者に依頼し, 回答のあった男子41名, 女子47名, 計88名(73.3%)の栄養素および食品群別摂取量を出身別に比較検討した。その結果, 幼稚園出身者が保育所出身者より有意に高値を示したのは, 男子の果実類摂取量, 女子の脂質摂取量, 脂肪エネルギー比率であった。その他の項目では出身別に有意な差は認めなかった。全体において, 推定平均必要量以下の者の割合は, カルシウムは男子56.1%, 女子55.3%, 鉄は男子29.3%, 女子27.7%, ビタミンCは男子34.1%, 女子31.9%, 脂肪エネルギー比率が30%以上の割合は男子61.0%, 女子63.8%, 食塩6g以上の割合は男子78.0%, 女子68.1%と高かった。これより, 小学1年生において出身別の差は少ないこと, カルシウム, 鉄の不足者割合が高く, 脂質及び食塩の摂取量が目標量を超える者の割合が多い可能性が示唆された

ショクジ セッシュ キジュン 2010ネンバン ニ ヨル カンリ エイヨウシ ヨウセイ カテイ ノ ジョシ ガクセイ ノ エイヨウ シンタイ カツドウ ヒョウカ

The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of women university students in the third-grade of a registered dietitian training course, based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese(2010). We initially selected 46 students, and obtained valid responses from 41 students(89.1%). We performed body measurements, blood tests, a dietary weighing method for 3 days, and the measurement of physical activity by the accelerometer. In regard to the physique and blood test of the subjects, 24.4% were underweight, 4.9% were obese and 20.0% were anemic. The dietary weighing method showed that the rate of women who took vitamin C below the estimated average requirement was 90.0%, that of folic acid, iron and calcium were 41.0%, 83.0%, and 68.0% respectively. While the rate of salt intake greater than the dietary goal (7.5g/day)was 36.5%, the rate of fat energy ratio greater than the dietary goal(30%)was 31.7%. The average number of steps per day was 8,907 ± 2,293. These results showed that there was an overall insufficient intake of total energy, vitamins, and minerals, indicating that further nutritional management for the women students is required

Identification of pyroglutamyl peptides with anti-colitic activity in Japanese rice wine, sake, by oral administration in a mouse model

Two pyroglutamyl peptides with anti-colitic activity were identified in Japanese rice wine, sake, by oral administration of a small dose (0.1–1.0 mg/kg body weight) and in vivo activity-guided fractionation. Compounds in sake were fractionated by preparative isoelectric focusing followed by preparative reversed phase-liquid chromatography. Anti-colitic activity was evaluated using a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The final active fraction contained three pyroglutamyl peptides: pyroglutamyl-tyrosine (pyroGlu-Tyr), pyroglutamyl-asparaginyl-isoleucine (pyroGlu-Asn-Ile) and pyroglutamyl-asparaginyl-isoleucyl-asparagyl-asparaginyl-proline (pyroGlu-Asn-Ile-Asp-Asn-Pro). Orally administrating artificially synthesized pyroGlu-Tyr (1.0 mg/kg body weight) and pyroGlu-Asn-Ile (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight) exhibited a significant protective effect against colitis in mice, whereas pyroGlu-Asn-Ile-Asp-Pro showed no significant effect. Additionally, administrating pyroGlu-Asn-Ile normalized colitis-induced colonic dysbiosis, whereas pyroGlu-Tyr did not. These results suggest that identified pyroglutamyl peptides exhibited an anti-colitic activity via different mechanisms

Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio among Japanese elementary school teachers and school lunch cooks

Background:Dietary salt intake is largely responsible for increase in blood pressure that is commonly seen with aging. In our previous study carried out in 2015, we calculated the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio among elementary school children. In the present study, we aimed to examine the same items among the school children’s teachers and lunch cooks.Methods:Of 153 recruited participants, urine samples were collected from 129 subjects (84.3%), and 124 subjects (81.0%; 37 male teachers, 65 female teachers, and 22 female cooks) whose dietary habits were confirmed were included in the final study analysis.Results: The median estimated 24-hour urinary salt excretion (g/day) was 8.2 in male teachers, 7.4 in female teachers, and 8.9 in cooks. The median urinary Na/K ratio (mEq/mEq) was 4.1 in male teachers, 3.6 in female teachers, and 4.0 in cooks. In both male and female teachers and cooks, no association was found between urinary salt excretion or urinary Na/K ratio and an awareness of the need to restrict salt intake. The proportion of subjects with both a urinary salt excretion and Na/K ratio above the median was high in male teachers and cooks, whereas the proportion of subjects who scored below the median in both tests was high in female teachers.Conclusion:It should be considered that elementary school teachers and cooks who have been provided with the results of their own salt excretion could realize the importance of reducing salt consumption from early childhood and the continuous salt intake reduction education for children

Glutathione supplementation suppresses muscle fatigue induced by prolonged exercise via improved aerobic metabolism

Backgrounds: Glutathione is an endogenous redox couple in animal cells and plays important roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification, although it is unknown if oral glutathione supplementation affects exercise-induced physiological changes. The present study investigated the effect of glutathione intake on exercise-induced muscle metabolism and fatigue in mice and humans. Methods: ICR mice were divided into 4 groups: sedentary control, sedentary supplemented with glutathione (2.0%, 5μL/g body weight), exercise control, and exercise supplemented with glutathione. After 2weeks, the exercise groups ran on a treadmill at 25m/min for 30min. Immediately post-exercise, intermuscular pH was measured, and hind limb muscle and blood samples were collected to measure biochemical parameters. In a double-blind, cross-over study, 8 healthy men (35.9 ± 2.0 y) were administered either glutathione (1g/d) or placebo for 2weeks. Then, they exercised on a cycle ergometer at 40% maximal heart rate for 60min. Psychological state and blood biochemical parameters were examined after exercise. Results: In the mouse experiment, post-exercise plasma non-esterified fatty acids were significantly lower in the exercise supplemented with glutathione group (820 ± 44mEq/L) compared with the exercise control group (1152 ± 61mEq/L). Intermuscular pH decreased with exercise (7.17 ± 0.01); however, this reduction was prevented by glutathione supplementation (7.23 ± 0.02). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α protein and mitochondrial DNA levels were significantly higher in the sedentary supplemented with glutathione group compared with the sedentary control group (25% and 53% higher, respectively). In the human study, the elevation of blood lactate was suppressed by glutathione intake (placebo, 3.4 ± 1.1mM; glutathione, 2.9 ± 0.6mM). Fatigue-related psychological factors were significantly decreased in the glutathione trial compared with the placebo trial. Conclusions: These results suggest that glutathione supplementation improved lipid metabolism and acidification in skeletal muscles during exercise, leading to less muscle fatigue

Intense Exercise Increases Protein Oxidation in Spleen and Liver of Mice

Studies have indicated that sports anemia is mainly associated with intravascular hemolysis induced by exercise. We hypothesized that such exercise-induced hemolysis leads to oxidative damage due to an increase in free iron caused by hematocyte destruction. Thirty-one male ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a rested control group, an intense-exercise group, and a group rested for 24 hours after intense exercise. The serum haptoglobin level of the intense-exercise group decreased compared with that of the rested control group, suggesting hemolysis. Tissue iron and protein carbonyl levels in the liver were increased after exercise, and the protein carbonyl level in the spleen on the day after exercise was significantly increased compared with that of the resting state. These results suggest that the spleen and liver, where extravascular hemolysis occurs, were subjected to oxidative modification by the free iron, which was released from large numbers of hemocytes that were destroyed due to the intense exercise