From Battlefields Rising: How the Civil War Transformed American Literature

Understanding how War Influences Literature Randall Fuller’s From Battlefields Rising focuses upon the northern literary luminaries of the Civil War era. The work, though, is no dry scholarly treatise or exercise in abstruse literary criticism; instead, Fuller delivers an engagin...

Comparison of left ventricular mass in normotensive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with that in the nondiabetic population

Cardiovascular disease is increased in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is an ominous prognostic sign and an independent risk factor for cardiac events, is often present in type 2 DM patients. The aim of our cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of LVH, and risk factors for its development, in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients without antihypertensive medication. The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of high left ventricular mass (LVM) in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients and compare it with nondiabetics and to uncover the risk factors for the development of high LVM in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients. A total of 130 age- and sex-matched subjects were selected (65 cases, diabetic normotensive, and 65 controls, nondiabetic normotensive) and baseline data were collected. LVM and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were calculated using echocardigraphic parameters and body surface area. LVMI was significantly higher in patients with type 2 DM compared with age-, sex-matched healthy population (104.9 ± 21 vs. 78.5 ± 22.7 g/m2, respectively; P < 0.05). BMI, HbA1c, and duration of diabetes were significantly associated with LVH whereas sexes, age, PPBS, were not