Pump it Up workshop report

Workshop held 28-29 September 2017, Cape Cod, MAA two-day workshop was conducted to trade ideas and brainstorm about how to advance our understanding of the ocean’s biological pump. The goal was to identify the most important scientific issues that are unresolved but might be addressed with new and future technological advances

Conflicting Imaginaries of the Border: The Construction of African Asylum Seekers in the Israeli Political Discourse

Between 2005 and 2013, around 50,000 migrants from Sudan and Eritrea crossed the Egyptian border to seek refuge in Israel. While some of them were originally perceived as survivors of genocide entitled to claim asylum, border crossing has quickly become an object of concern and technologies obstructing it have been deployed (including a 250 kilometer-long fence, detention centers, and criminalization of unauthorized border crossing). Against this backdrop, this article analyzes the competing political narratives that have underpinned these policies of containment and bordering towards African migrants and asylum seekers. Based on the study of political debates, political speeches, and several months of fieldwork, it investigates the discursive construction of these newcomers’ entry into the territory, focusing on the role of the border in this construction. The article shows that the dominant political narrative has resorted to securitizing discursive strategies involving the notions of threat, flood, and crime which have enabled the formulation of exclusionary policies framed as tools of border and boundaries control and protection. The analysis further reveals that a more marginal counter-narrative has attempted to challenge the dominant securitizing strategies but has failed to articulate an effective alternative discourse.SCOPUS: ar.jDecretOANoAutActifinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Hygiene habits and carriers in families with a child who has had typhoid fever Hábitos de higiene y portadores en familias que tuvieron un niño con fiebre tifoídea Hábitos de higiene e portadores em famílias que tiveram uma criança com febre tifóide

The relationship between asymptomatic shedding of bacterial enteropathogens and the hygiene habits of families who have had a child with typhoid fever (TF) are investigated. The sample was made up of 80 families: 40 families in which one child had had TF (Group A) and 40 in which no children or either of the parents had had a history of TF (Group B). In each group 20 families belonged to a low socieconomic status (SES) and 20 to a high SES. A structured interview was used to evaluate the SES and the hygiene habits of the child; observations were made to measure the hygiene habits of the family (toilet, kitchen and food preparation) and bacteriological studies (fecal samples and hand markers). Results show that carriers were more frequent in Group A than in Group B. The bacterial species found were significantly more numerous in Group A than in Group B (fecal samples: E. coli, the classic serotypes, Shigella ssp, and hand markers: E. coli). Families of Group A had higher carriage rates than those of Group B. Finally there exists a significantly higher association between inadequate hygiene habits and carrier families. These results show the need to teach specific habits of proper hygiene to the entire population, because the fact of belonging to the high SES does not in itself preclude inadequate hygiene habits.<br>El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las relaciones entre la presencia de portadores de agentes bacteriales enteropatógenos y la calidad de los hábitos de higiene en familias que han tenido o no un niño con fiebre tifoídea (TF). La muestra estuvo formada por 80 familias: 40 en las que hubo un niño con FT (grupo A) y 40 en las que ni los niños y sus padres habían tenido una historia de FT (grupo B). En cada grupo 20 familias pertenecían al nivel socieconómico bajo (NSE) y 20 al NSE alto. Se usó una entrevista estructurada para evaluar el NSE, los hábitos de higiene del niño; observaciones estructuradas para medir los hábitos de higiene de la familia (baño, cocina y preparación de alimentos) y estudios bacteriológicos (muestras fecales y marcadores de mano). Los resultados señalan que los portadores fueron más frecuentes en el grupo A que en el B. Las especies bacterianas fueron significativamente más en el grupo A que en el B (muestras fecales: E. coli, serotipos clásicos, Shigella ssp, y marcadores de mano: E. coli). Las familias del grupo A tenían tasas más altas de portación que aquellas del grupo B. Finalmente existe una asociaión significativamente alta entre los hábitos inadecuados de higiene y las familias portadoras. Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de enseñar hábitos específicos de higiene adecuada a toda la población, porque el solo hecho de pertenecer al NSE alto no previene los hábitos de higiene inadecuados.<br>Objetivou-se estudar a relação entre qualidade dos hábitos de higiene e presença de portadores de agentes bacterianos enteropatogenos, em famílias que tiveram ou não, uma criança com febre tifóide (FT). A amostra esteve constituída por 80 famílias: 40 com a presença , em cada uma, de uma criança com FT (Grupo A) e 40 em que nem as crianças e seus pais nunca tiveram história de FT (Grupo B). Em cada grupo, 20 famílias pertenciam ao nível socioeconômico (NSE) baixo e 20 ao NSE alto. Para avaliar o NSE e os hábitos de higiene da criança foi utilizada entrevista estruturada; para medir os hábitos higiênicos da família (banho, cozinha e preparo dos alimentos) foram utilizadas observações estruturadas; e os estudos bacteriológicos foram realizados em amostras de fezes e marcadores de mão. Os resultados mostraram que no grupo A houve maior freqüência de portadores que no B. As espécies bacterianas foram significativamente mais freqüentes no Grupo A que no B (nas fezes: E. coli, serotipos clássicos, Shigella ssp; e em marcadores de mão: E. coli). As famílias do grupo A tiveram taxas altas de microorganismos que as do grupo B. Foi encontrada associação significativamente alta entre hábitos inadequados de higiene e as famílias portadoras. Os resultados mostraram a necessidade de ensinar hábitos específicos de higiene adequada a toda a população, pois somente o fato de pertencer ao NSE alto não previne os hábitos de higiene inadequados

Consumption as a Social Process

This article discusses consumption as a social process that is part of social provisioning and is in an evolutionary interplay with other social processes. The analysis provides grounds for a context-specific research that explores consumption in the context of a culture-nature life process, and draws on material from various disciplines. The article seeks to contribute to the literature on social provisioning as an organizing concept in heterodox economics. The first section explains what is meant by social process and delineates its elements. The second section formulates a categorization of social processes, and locates a consumption process within a system of culture-nature life processes. The rest of the article delineates the elements of the consumption process, providing illustrations based on literature from various disciplines. Specifically, the third section discusses consumption activities. The fourth section discusses institutions and systems of provision of goods and services. The fifth section applies the concept of habits of life and thought to the consumption process. Finally, the article concludes that the formulated analysis transcends dualisms such as social-economic, cultural-material, society-nature, and micro-macro, and draws implications for heterodox economics