14 research outputs found
The impact of Participatory Budgeting on health and wellbeing:A scoping review of evaluations
Background: Participatory budgeting (PB), citizens deliberating among themselves and with officials to decide how
to allocate funds for public goods, has been increasingly implemented across Europe and worldwide. While PB is
recommended as good practice by the World Bank and the United Nations, with potential to improve health and
wellbeing, it is unclear what evaluations have been conducted on the impact of PB on health and wellbeing.
Methods: For this scoping review, we searched 21 databases with no restrictions on publication date or language.
The search term ‘participatory budget’ was used as the relevant global label for the intervention of interest. Studies
were included if they reported original analysis of health, social, political, or economic and budgetary outcomes of
PB. We examined the study design, analysis, outcomes and location of included articles. Findings are reported
narratively.
Results: From 1458 identified references, 37 studies were included. The majority of evaluations (n = 24) were of PB
in South America, seven were in Europe. Most evaluations were case studies (n = 23) conducting ethnography and
surveys, focussing on political outcomes such as participation in PB or impacts on political activities. All of the
quantitative observational studies analysing population level data, except one in Russia, were conducted in South
America.
Conclusion: Despite increasing interest in PB, evaluations applying robust methods to analyse health and
wellbeing outcomes are scarce, particularly beyond Brazil. Therefore, implementation of PB schemes should be
accompanied by rigorous qualitative and quantitative evaluation to identify impacts and the processes by which
they are realised
NDE Positron Study of Cu And Cu-Al Alloys Thermally Charged with Hydrogen and Deformed
Some aspects of the deformation of Cu, Cu-2 w/o Al, and Cu-4 w/o Al alloy samples after thermal charging with hydrogen at 1000ºC and rapid quenching (to -150ºC isopentane) were treated in an earlier publication [1]. Comparisons were made with samples treated as just described except for use of an Ar atmosphere at 1000°C. The main experimental measurements then as now were of the Doppler broadening of the positron annihilation spectrum and the microhardness. The deformation was imposed by a Brinell indentation of 500 kgf
Supernova remnants: the X-ray perspective
Supernova remnants are beautiful astronomical objects that are also of high
scientific interest, because they provide insights into supernova explosion
mechanisms, and because they are the likely sources of Galactic cosmic rays.
X-ray observations are an important means to study these objects.And in
particular the advances made in X-ray imaging spectroscopy over the last two
decades has greatly increased our knowledge about supernova remnants. It has
made it possible to map the products of fresh nucleosynthesis, and resulted in
the identification of regions near shock fronts that emit X-ray synchrotron
radiation.
In this text all the relevant aspects of X-ray emission from supernova
remnants are reviewed and put into the context of supernova explosion
properties and the physics and evolution of supernova remnants. The first half
of this review has a more tutorial style and discusses the basics of supernova
remnant physics and thermal and non-thermal X-ray emission. The second half
offers a review of the recent advances.The topics addressed there are core
collapse and thermonuclear supernova remnants, SN 1987A, mature supernova
remnants, mixed-morphology remnants, including a discussion of the recent
finding of overionization in some of them, and finally X-ray synchrotron
radiation and its consequences for particle acceleration and magnetic fields.Comment: Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics Reviews. This version has 2
column-layout. 78 pages, 42 figures. This replaced version has some minor
language edits and several references have been correcte