Microscopic and Macroscopic Stress with Gravitational and Rotational Forces

Many recent papers have questioned Irving and Kirkwood's atomistic expression for stress. In Irving and Kirkwood's approach both interatomic forces and atomic velocities contribute to stress. It is the velocity-dependent part that has been disputed. To help clarify this situation we investigate [1] a fluid in a gravitational field and [2] a steadily rotating solid. For both problems we choose conditions where the two stress contributions, potential and kinetic, are significant. The analytic force-balance solutions of both these problems agree very well with a smooth-particle interpretation of the atomistic Irving-Kirkwood stress tensor.Comment: Fifteen pages with seven figures, revised according to referees' suggestions at Physical Review E. See also Liu and Qiu's arXiv contribution 0810.080

Predation by \u3ci\u3eAchaearanea Tepidariorum\u3c/i\u3e (Araneae: Theridiidae) on \u3ci\u3eAnoplophora Glabripennis\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Anoplophora glabripennis is a large wood-boring cerambycid beetle that has recently invaded North America and Europe from Asia. We discovered the common house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum, in large cages housing A. glabripennis on trees and confirmed the ability of A. tepidariorum to prey upon adult A. glabripennis by placing the two species together within smaller containers where they could be more easily observed. Adult A. glabripennis, up to 600% of the spiders’ body length, exceed the maximum relative size of prey previously reported for A. tepidariorum or for solitary webbuilding spiders in general

Foreword

This Symposium concerns only one civil rule ? Rule 23 Class Actions; and is primarily limited to the old spurious class action as renovated in (b)(3). Rule 23 warrants symposium treatment. No other civil rule does

Income Tax Consequences of Expatriation

One possible method of reducing United States income tax liability is to expatriate, or renounce United States citizenship, and be taxed as a nonresident alien. However, there is a degree of tax planning necessary to accomplish a reduction or elimination of income taxation of the expatriate. This Note discusses techniques that can be used to accomplish this favorable tax treatment