An Innovative Cardiac Biomarker in Veterinary Medicine

In the past, there were many traditional methods for detection of cardiac injury. These methods includes electrocardiography, echocardiography in association with certain cardiac biomarkers. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatin kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were formerly used as cardiac biomarkers until the identification of creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), LDH-1 and LDH-2 isomers, which are more specific to cardiac and muscle injury. Recently these enzymes were discovered to be lack of sensitivity and specificity in the presence of either cardiac or muscle injury in human or animals