New data on the geology and geochronology of the area south of Tooraweenah, New South Wales

New mapping of the Tooraweenah-Bearbong region, northeast of Gilgandra in north-central New South Wales, has been assisted by recently acquired geophysical and other remotely sensed data from the Brigalow Belt South Bioregion audit. Geological units in the region are mainly units from the Mesozoic Surat Basin and overlying Miocene Warrumbungle Volcanics. Revision to previous mapping has been possible and new geological units have been recognised. Radiometric imagery, in particular, has facilitated mapping and interpretation, especially of regolith material. New K-Ar geochronological data have confirmed the presence of Jurassic mafic igneous rocks (Garrawilla Volcanics and Glenrowan Intrusives) and, further, that trachyte in the Dilly hills area is contemporaneous with magmatic activity that formed the Warrumbungle volcano in the Middle Miocene. Petrological data have confirmed the dominantly mafic alkaline compositions of the Garrawilla Volcanics and Glenrowan Intrusives. The data indicate a largely unfractionated mantle source for these units and are consistent with an intracontinental extensional tectonic setting for their emplacement. Certain kaolinite clayrocks in the Purlawaugh Formation have volcanic fragmental protoliths, probably related to underlying Garrawilla Volcanics. The widespread Pilliga Sandstone displays development of a ferruginised palaeosurface, possibly related to other extensive Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary palaeosurfaces in eastern Australia. There has been subsequent erosion of the palaeosurface, as well as formation of the Warrumbungle volcano in the Miocene. Lavas and small intrusions related to the southwestern margin of the Warrumbungle volcano are present, and range from hawaiite to quartz trachyte in composition. The Dilly trachyte has a composition intermediate between mafic trachytes and strongly fractionated peralkaline trachytes in the main part of the Warrumbungle volcano. During and after formation of the volcano, outwash deposits of trachyte clast-dominated conglomerate were formed. The conglomerate predated development of the current landscape with extensive cover of transported regolith and fluvial systems. Erosion has led to base lowering of at least 100 m-300 m since the Middle Miocene within and adjacent to the Warrumbungle volcano

Cainozoic igneous rocks in the Bingara to Inverell area, northeastern New South Wales

Three Cainozoic intraplate volcanic suites in the Bingara to Inverell area, northeastern New South Wales, have been discriminated on the basis of differing geophysical responses and contrasting K–Ar ages. Major isotopic and chemical characteristics can also be used to distinguish the three suites. These newly defined suites are the Middle Eocene–Early Oligocene Maybole Volcanic Suite; the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Delungra Volcanic Suite; and the Middle Miocene Langari Hill Volcanic Suite. Four basaltic volcanic units within the Delungra Volcanic Suite have also been distinguished: Mount Russell Volcanics; Derra Derra Volcanics; Inverell Volcanics; and Bingara Volcanics. The Maybole Volcanic Suite is dominated by mafic volcanic rocks of alkaline affinity. These rocks include hawaiite, transitional basalt, basanite and rare phonolite (not included in this study). Volcanogenic and non-volcanogenic sedimentary units are minor but significant components, hosting world-class concentrations of sapphires in the Inverell–Glen Innes region. The Maybole Volcanic Suite occupies the eastern portion of the study area, forming ridges that outline the radial drainage pattern of the deeply eroded Eocene–Oligocene Maybole shield volcano. The Delungra Volcanic Suite is geochemically diverse and consists of alkaline members (Inverell and Bingara Volcanics) and tholeiitic members (Mount Russell and Derra Derra Volcanics). These are dominated by mafic lava flows with minor interflow sedimentary horizons. The Delungra Volcanic Suite forms broad elevated plains and prominent plugs in the central and western portions of the study area. Diamond occurrences in the Bingara district are spatially associated with the Bingara and Derra Derra Volcanics. The Langari Hill Volcanic Suite consists of a mafic tholeiitic lava flow that is spatially restricted to a prominent east–west ridge east of Inverell overlying the Maybole Volcanic Suite. The Langari Hill Volcanic Suite is significantly younger than the Maybole and Delungra Volcanic suites and represents the youngest recognised volcanic episode in the Bingara–Inverell area

Renal tract malformations: perspectives for nephrologists.

Contains fulltext : 71176.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Renal tract malformations are congenital anomalies of the kidneys and/or lower urinary tract. One challenging feature of these conditions is that they can present not only prenatally but also in childhood or adulthood. The most severe types of malformations, such as bilateral renal agenesis or dysplasia, although rare, lead to renal failure. With advances in dialysis and transplantation for young children, it is now possible to prevent the early death of at least some individuals with severe malformations. Other renal tract malformations, such as congenital pelviureteric junction obstruction and primary vesicoureteric reflux, are relatively common. Renal tract malformations are, collectively, the major cause of childhood end-stage renal disease. Their contribution to the number of adults on renal replacement therapy is less clear and has possibly been underestimated. Renal tract malformations can be familial, and specific mutations of genes involved in renal tract development can sometimes be found in affected individuals. These features provide information about the causes of malformations but also raise questions about whether to screen relatives. Whether prenatal decompression of obstructed renal tracts, or postnatal initiation of therapies such as prophylactic antibiotics or angiotensin blockade, improve long-term renal outcomes remains unclear