Youths, elders, and the wages of war in Enga province, Papua New Guinea

"Here I will consider cycles of Enga warfare within the 350-year span for which we have information on warfare from oral and written historical records. The first is a period of intensive warfare that occurred in the first half of the 19th century, redrawing the map of Enga after the introduction of the sweet potato. These turbulent times were followed by a hundred-year period of successful initiatives to keep warfare in check and to promote prosperity. The Colonial Era then intervened with a ban on warfare. The second is a period of devastating “modern” warfare that began a few years before Independence in 1975 (Gordon and Kipilan 1982); Paney 1973) and accelerated in 1990 with the adoption of new technology in warfare, homemade shotguns and high-powered weapons, reversing the power hierarchy between older men and youths. Fieldwork and village court records allow us to trace the rise in violence, the formation of warring gangs of mercenaries, the impact on the population of Enga and the state of Papua New Guinea, and in the last few years, what may be a trend back towards moderation ..." - page 1AusAI

Indigenous Sovereignty: A Reassessment in Light of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

This Article explores the concept of indigenous sovereignty against the backdrop of the resurgence of indigenous peoples as actors in international and domestic law and policy. The Author starts with the traditional Western notion of sovereignty and its dynamization via the principle of self-determination, cabined by the exclusionary concepts of terra nullius and uti possidetis. The next Part delineates the global indigenous renascence occurring since the 1970s and the resulting state practice that has led to treaties and to the development of customary international law in the field. The Article proceeds to analyze the scope and legal effect of the 2007 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. It lays out various understandings of indigenous self-government under the rubric of self-determination; and ultimately, based on an assessment of the authentic aspirations of indigenous peoples, their innerworlds, it suggests a functional redefinition of the legal scope and the limits of indigenous sovereignty

Law as a Means to a Public Order of Human Dignity: The Jurisprudence of Michael Reisman

Words cannot do justice to the man who has transformed the lives of so many of us who have gathered at the Yale Law School today. But words are all we have to share our feelings, as we must, over space, and over time. Michael Reisman is the man we have the pleasure and deep satisfaction to honor and to celebrate: our teacher, our guide, our mentor, our friend. He has touched our lives in a variety of ways. In my case, the introduction to his magnificent work was made by a young South African scholar at the Peace Palace in The Hague, and I never looked back. His jurisprudence of insight and empowerment was a liberation indeed-a fountain of truth on how law is really made and changed, and a treasure trove of wisdom on what considerations should guide the decisions we consciously and unconsciously make. He made us, who call themselves professionals of the law, realize that we are not mere bouches de la loi; he challenged us to live up to the role we actually play in society and to assume the responsibility that comes with leadership. This statement of friendship and respect is designed to highlight our honoree\u27s distinct place in the pantheon of jurisprudence (Part I); his keen sense of observation and analysis (Part II); his consummate skills of communication (Part 1II); and his abiding quest for a public order of human dignity (Part IV)

The Public Order of the Geostationary Orbit: Blueprints for the Future

The use of space has grown exponentially. It is impossible today to conceive of international communications, weather forecasting, or the screening of the riches of the earth without the help of space-based devices. Full-scale industrialization of outer space is under way, and space has become a critical arena for military strategists in the global duel

A numerical study of the formation of magnetisation plateaus in quasi one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg models

We study the magnetisation process of the one dimensional spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with modulated couplings over j=1,2,3 sites. It turns out that the evolution of magnetisation plateaus depends on j and on the wave number q of the modulation according to the rule of Oshikawa, et al. A mapping of two- and three-leg zig-zag ladders on one dimensional systems with modulated couplings yields predictions for the occurence of magnetization plateaus. The latter are tested by numerical computations with the DMRG algorithm.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Euro. Phys. J.

Developing a Taxonomy to Support Program Planning for Adult Learning Events

Organizations invest millions of dollars annually in conferences and other learning events aimed at adult learning. Professional and scholarly conferences are time honoured traditions in our field. Yet, often we fail to consider whose purposes and learning needs are met in conferences and whose learning needs remain unaddressed or unmet. Additionally, we bristle at the structure of events we attend as adult education professionals

The rationale for preserving neighborhood open space in Newark, New Jersey\u27s north ward

A study was conducted to determine the shifts in open space availability between 1950 and 2003 in four neighborhoods in the North Ward of Newark, New Jersey. Total open space in square feet and open spaces ten thousand square feet and less were quantified to determine the extent of usable open space for the creation of community gardens or vest pocket parks. The study identified large reductions of open space recently in the two least affluent study areas. The two more affluent study areas have also lost open space recently, but not at the magnitude of the poorer study areas. The lot sizes in the more affluent study areas tend to be larger, and access to traditional open spaces (parks) is better. In contrast, the two less affluent study areas only have vacant lots as open space, and this resource is shrinking due to new construction. Without a new framework regarding open space policy being put into effect soon, open space in the four study areas investigated for this study may be difficult to find