Novel porous separator based on PVdF and PE non-woven matrix for rechargeable lithium batteries

The novel porous separator based on PVdF (poly(vinylidene fluoride)) and a PE (polyethylene) non-woven matrix is prepared by coating PVdF/NMP solution on the matrix (NMP: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone). The pore structure is generated in the PVdF region by phase inversion of the polymer solution. The PE non-woven matrix imparts mechanical strength and a thermal shut-down property to the separator, while the PVdF component provides a hydrophilic ionic conducting phase. The physical properties of the separator, such as morphology, pore size and its distribution, porosity and mechanical strength, are measured. The ionic conductivity of the separator is 8.9 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 25 degreesC. The capacity at the C/2 rate is maintained at about 86% of the initial value on the 100th cycle at the room temperature. The electrolyte is stable up to 4.5 V in the presence of the novel separator.close818

Electrochemical effect of coating layer on the separator based on PVdF and PE non-woven matrix

The coated separator was prepared by coating poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) on the surface of the novel separator based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) and polyethylene (PE) non-woven matrix. The ionic conductivity of the coated separator was 1.1 ?? 10-3 S cm-1 at 25 ??C, a little higher than that of bare separator. The coated separator showed smoother surface morphology and better adhesion property toward electrodes, and thereby it resulted in lower total resistance than the bare separator. The discharge capacity of the unit cell with coated separator at C/2 rate was maintained at about 84% of the theoretical capacity, which is quite higher than that of the unit cell with the bare separator.close151

Resolving the uncertainties of non-axisymmetric fields in tokamaks

Recent study suggests that KSTAR could be a benefactor of the extremely low level of intrinsic error field in n=1 resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) driven edge localized modes (ELM) control [1]. Specifically, when the n=1 RMP currents increases in order to suppress/mitigate ELMs, a kink-resonant mode-locking is not usually invoked in KSTAR, unlike in other devices [2]. Besides we have discovered that the mid-plane RMP appeared much more effective than the off-midplane RMPs in affecting the ELMs with strong density pump-outs and enhanced ELM frequency. Presently, the enhanced understanding of non-axisymmetric field in tokamaks has been in great need, in particular, for the ITER RMP requirements [3]. As the prevailing design of in-vessel RMP coils in ITER is similar to that in KSTAR, we are keen to resolve the uncertainties of the non-axisymmetric fields on transport and stability, and their limits, contributing directly to ITER and beyond

Effects of Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance-Heating-Induced Internal Kink Mode on the Toroidal Rotation in the KSTARTokamak

It is observed that the magnitude of the toroidal rotation speed is reduced by the central electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) regardless of the direction of the toroidal rotation. The magnetohydrodynamics activities generally appear with the rotation change due to ECRH. It is shown that the internal kink mode is induced by the central ECRH and breaks the toroidal symmetry. When the magnetohydrodynamics activities are present, the toroidal plasma viscosity is not negligible. The observed effects of ECRH on the toroidal plasma rotation are explained by the neoclassical toroidal viscosity in this Letter. It is found that the neoclassical toroidal viscosity torque caused by the internal kink mode damps the toroidal rotation.open112831sciescopu