International trends in public perceptions of climate change over the past quarter century

Public perceptions of climate change are known to differ between nations, and to have fluctuated over time. Numerous plausible characterisations of these variations, and explanations for them, are to be found in the literature. However, a clear picture has not yet emerged as to the principal trends and patterns that have occurred over the past quarter-century, or the factors behind these changes. This systematic review considers previous empirical research which has addressed the temporal aspects to public perceptions. We address findings which have been obtained since the 1980’s, and using a range of methodologies. In the review we consider early, seminal work examining public perceptions; survey studies carried out over long timescales and at an international scale; detailed statistical analyses of the drivers of changing perceptions; and qualitative research featuring a longitudinal component. Studies point to growing scepticism in the latter 2000’s in some developed countries, underpinned by economic and sociopolitical factors. Even so, in many parts of the world, there has been growing concern about climate change in recent years. We conclude that the imbalance in the literature towards polling data, and towards studies of public perceptions in Western nations (particularly the US), leaves much unknown about the progression of public understanding of climate change worldwide. More research is required that uses inferential statistical procedures to understand the reasons behind trends in public perceptions. The application of qualitative longitudinal methodologies also offers the potential for better appreciation of the cultural contexts in which climate change perceptions are evolving

Differential levels of genetic diversity and divergence\ud among populations of an ancient Australian rainforest conifer, Araucaria cunninghamii

Historical fragmentation and subsequent isolation has affected the levels of genetic diversity in many lineages of ancient plant taxa. This study investigated the effects of historical processes on Araucaria cunninghamii (Hoop Pine), Araucariaceae, using both RAPD and ISSR markers. While most populations maintain moderate levels of diversity, there is some evidence for reduced genetic\ud variation. Most sampled populations are significantly differentiated from each other, thereby emphasizing the high\ud degree of population structuring in A. cunninghamii.\ud Increased divergence among the northern Queensland populations relative to southern Queensland populations\ud suggests historical pressures have impacted differently on\ud extant population distribution. More research is specifically required into the biology and population demographics of Australian Araucariaceae