Skeletal maturation of the hand and wrist and ossification of the mid palate suture in adolescents: a literature review.

Introduction: The evaluation of skeletal age is an important factor in orthodontic planning to anticipate changes in growth, with the analysis of hand and wrist radiographs showing the degree of bone and facial growth potential. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between skeletal maturation of the hand and wrist and ossification of the midpalatal suture (MPS) in adolescents. Materials and methods: A search was carried out in four databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct and Embase were reviewed until December 13, 2022. The included studies were descriptive and comparative articles on the skeletal maturation of the hand and wrist and ossification of the midpalatal suture of patients aged 7 to 18 years. Two researchers carefully selected the articles evaluated and analyzed the different key topics related to the topic. Results: Four articles were included in this study; According to the studies, it was found that the greater the degree of bone maturation there is an increase in the approximation of the SMP, especially in late stages, with high and positive correlations; Furthermore, there were greater evaluation results with the Fishman analysis method as opposed to the Hagg and Taranger and Björk methods. The critical limit stages in SMI7-9, a greater approach to the closure of SMP compatible with stage D-E was found. The completion of maturation in women occurs up to 2 years earlier than in men. Conclusions: Diagnostic evaluation methods using carpal analysis can be used for predictive evaluations of the maturation stage of SMP; However, the results were not absolute in all cases so they cannot be generalized.Introducción: La evaluación de la edad esquelética es un factor importante en la planificación ortodóncica para anticipar cambios en el crecimiento y es el análisis de radiografías de mano y muñeca el que muestra el grado del potencial de crecimiento óseo y facial. El objetivo fue evaluar la relación entre la maduración esquelética de la mano y muñeca, y la osificación de sutura media palatina (SMP) en adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en cuatro bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect y Embase, revisadas hasta el 13 de diciembre de 2022. Los estudios incluidos fueron artículos descriptivos y comparativos de la maduración esquelética de la mano y muñeca, y osificación de la sutura media palatina de pacientes de 7 a 18 años. Dos investigadores seleccionaron cuidadosamente los artículos evaluados y analizaron los diferentes tópicos clave relacionados con el tema. Resultados: En este estudio se incluyeron 4 artículos. Según los estudios, se encontró que mientras mayor sea el grado de maduración ósea hay un aumento en la aproximación de la SMP, especialmente en etapas tardías, con correlaciones altas y positivas; además, hubo mayores resultados de correlación con el método de análisis de Fishman, a diferencia de los métodos de Hagg y Taranger y Björk. En los estadios de límite critico en SMI7-9, se encontró mayor acercamiento al cierre de SMP compatibles con estadio D-E. La finalización de la maduración en mujeres se completó hasta en 2 años antes que en los hombres. Conclusiones: Los métodos de evaluación para el diagnóstico mediante el análisis carpal puede usarse para las evaluaciones de predicción del estadio de maduración de la SMP; sin embargo, los resultados no fueron absolutos en todos los casos, por lo que no se puede generalizar

Reproducibility, reliability and validity of measurements obtained from Cecile3 digital models

The aim of this study was to determine the reproducibility, reliability and validity of measurements in digital models compared to plaster models. Fifteen pairs of plaster models were obtained from orthodontic patients with permanent dentition before treatment. These were digitized to be evaluated with the program Cécile3 v2.554.2 beta. Two examiners measured three times the mesiodistal width of all the teeth present, intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar distances, overjet and overbite. The plaster models were measured using a digital vernier. The t-Student test for paired samples and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for statistical analysis. The ICC of the digital models were 0.84 ± 0.15 (intra-examiner) and 0.80 ± 0.19 (inter-examiner). The average mean difference of the digital models was 0.23 ± 0.14 and 0.24 ± 0.11 for each examiner, respectively. When the two types of measurements were compared, the values obtained from the digital models were lower than those obtained from the plaster models (p < 0.05), although the differences were considered clinically insignificant (differences < 0.1 mm). The Cécile digital models are a clinically acceptable alternative for use in Orthodontics

Study of oclusal contacts in maximum intercuspidation before orthodontic treatment in subjects with Angle malocclusion Class I and Class II Division 1

O objetivo deste estudo foi definir e comparar os números e tipos de contatos oclusais em máxima intercuspidação. A pesquisa consistiu na análise clínica e fotográfica dos contatos oclusais em máxima intercuspidação, de 26 pacientes brasileiros, 20 do gênero masculino e 6 do gênero feminino, leucodermas, com idade média entre 12 e 18 anos, ao início do tratamento ortodôntico. Os pacientes foram diagnosticados e agrupados em 13 com maloclusão Classe I e 13 com maloclusão Classe II divisão 1ª, obedecendo aos seguintes critérios: Dentadura permanente de segundo molar esquerdo a segundo molar direito, tanto na maxila quanto na mandíbula, sem extrações dentárias, sem perda de material dentário por restaurações extensas, lesão cariosa, fraturas ou desgaste interproximal, sem tratamento ortodôntico prévio e desordem têmporo-mandibular. Após análise, os contatos oclusais foram classificados segundo os critérios estabelecidos como: tripodismo, bipodismo, monopodismo, cúspide a uma crista marginal, cúspide a duas cristas marginais, ponta de cúspide a plano inclinado oposto, superfície a superfície e topo a topo. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z foi utilizado pra determinar normalidade e homogeneidade das variáveis e o teste t pareado para comparar as diferenças estatísticas das médias aritméticas dos contatos oclusais entre as maloclusões estudadas (p<.05). Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o número médio de contatos oclusais por paciente na maloclusão Classe I foi de 43,38 e na maloclusão Classe II-1 de 44,38, sendo esta diferença estatisticamente não significativa. Os tipos e freqüências de contatos oclusais em MIC, na maloclusão Classe I, caracterizam-se em relação cúspide-fossa (32%) (3% de tripodismo, 14% bipodismo, 15% monopodismo), cúspide a uma crista marginal (21%), cúspide a duas cristas (14%), cúspide a um plano inclinado (11%), superficie a superficie (22%) e topo a topo (1%). Na maloclusão Classe II-1, caracterizam-se em relação cúspide-fossa (34%) (4% de tripodismo, 11% bipodismo, 19% monopodismo), cúspide a uma crista marginal (14%), cúspide a duas cristas (13%), cúspide a um plano inclinado (10%), superficie a superficie (30%) e topo a topo (0,4%). Após este estudo podemos afirmar que, entre uma maloclusão Classe I e Classe II-1 de Angle, existe uma diversidade de fatores que influenciam no número de contatos oclusais. Concluindo a não existência de uma padronização dos tipos de contatos oclusais de acordo com as maloclusões estudadas. Uma adequada seleção de um padrão cúspide-fossa ou cúspide-crista marginal e a sua localização nos dentes, pode ser modificada de acordo com as exigências de cada caso individualmente. A existência de contatos oclusais adequados permite uma correta distribuição de forças mastigatórias, promovendo saúde periodontal.The aim of this study was to define and compare numbers and types of occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspidation. The study consisted of clinical and photographic analysis of occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspidation. Twenty-six Brazilian subjects were selected before orthodontic treatment, 20 males and 6 females, leucodermas with ages ranging between 12 and 18 years. The subjects were diagnosed and grouped into 13 with Angle Class I malocclusion and 13 with Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion, according to the following criteria: complete permanent dentition erupted from second molar to second molar, without cavities, interproximal wear, extractions or previous orthodontic treatment, healthy periodontal status and absence of temporo-mandibular joint dysfunction. After analysis, the occlusal contacts were classified according to the established criteria as: tripodism, bipodism, monopodism, cuspid to a marginal ridge, cuspid to two marginal ridges, cuspid tip to inclined plane, surface to surface and top to top. The Kolmogorov- Smirnov Z test was used to determine variables normality and paired t test to compare occlusal contacts statistical differences between the studied malocclusions (p<.05). The results showed that the mean number of occlusal contacts per subject in Class I malocclusion was 43. 38 and 44.38 for Class II division 1 malocclusion, this difference was not statistically significant. The occlusal contacts types and frequency in maximum intercuspidation for Class I malocclusion was: cuspid-fossa (32%) (3% tripodism, 14% bipodism, 15% monopodism), cuspid to marginal ridge (21%), cuspid to two marginal ridges (14%), cuspid to inclined plane (11%), surface to surface (22%) and top to top (1%). And in Class II division 1: cuspid-fossa (34%) (4% tripodism, 11% bipodism, 19% monopodism), cuspid to marginal ridge (14%), cuspid to two marginal ridges (13%), cuspid to inclined plane (10%), surface to surface (30%) and top to top (0.4%). There is a variety of factors that influence the number of occlusal contacts. Concluding that there is no occlusal contact type pattern according with the studied malocclusions. A proper selection of occlusal contacts types such as cuspid to fossa or cuspid to marginal ridge and its location in the teeth, should be individually subject defined. The existence of an adequate occlusal contacts, leads to a correct distribution of forces, promoting periodontal health

Study of the number of occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation before orthodontic treatment in subjects with Angle Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusion

OBJECTIVE: Define and compare numbers and types of occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation. METHODS: The study consisted of clinical and photographic analysis of occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation. Twenty-six Caucasian Brazilian subjects were selected before orthodontic treatment, 20 males and 6 females, with ages ranging between 12 and 18 years. The subjects were diagnosed and grouped as follows: 13 with Angle Class I malocclusion and 13 with Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion. After analysis, the occlusal contacts were classified according to the established criteria as: tripodism, bipodism, monopodism (respectively, three, two or one contact point with the slope of the fossa); cuspid to a marginal ridge; cuspid to two marginal ridges; cuspid tip to opposite inclined plane; surface to surface; and edge to edge. RESULTS: The mean number of occlusal contacts per subject in Class I malocclusion was 43.38 and for Class II Division 1 malocclusion it was 44.38, this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is a variety of factors that influence the number of occlusal contacts between a Class I and a Class II, Division 1 malocclusion. There is no standardization of occlusal contact type according to the studied malocclusions. A proper selection of occlusal contact types such as cuspid to fossa or cuspid to marginal ridge and its location in the teeth should be individually defined according to the demands of each case. The existence of an adequate occlusal contact leads to a correct distribution of forces, promoting periodontal health

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present