4,410 research outputs found
Raman velocity filter as a tool for collinear laser spectroscopy
The velocity distribution of a hot ionic beam can be filtered with a narrow
stimulated Raman process to prepare a colder subensemble, as substantiated in
this theoretical analysis. Using two counter-propagating, far-detuned lasers,
we can define a -pulse for the resonant velocity to transfer atoms within
the linewidth of the Raman resonance between the ground-states of a
-system. Spontaneous emission from the two single-photon resonances,
as well as the ground-state decoherence induced by laser noise, diminishes the
efficiency of the filter. From a comprehensive master equation, we obtain
conditions for the optimal frequency pair of the lasers and evaluate the filter
performance numerically, as well as analytically. If we apply this analysis to
current Ca ion experiments, we obtain a sensitivity for measuring
high ion acceleration voltages on the ppm level or below.Comment: Corrected typos. Corrected: Missing minus in Eq. 35. Improved
readability by including a few repetitions of quantity definitions and
improved display of relevant quantities in Table II of the Appendi
Reversible and irreversible evolution of a condensed bosonic gas
We have formulated a kinetic theory for a condensed atomic gas in a trap,
i.e., a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation, as well as a quantum-Boltzmann
equation for the normal and anomalous fluctuations [R. Walser et al., Phys.
Rev. A, 59, 3878 (1999)]. In this article, the theory is applied to the case of
an isotropic configuration and we present numerical and analytical results for
the reversible real-time propagation, as well as irreversible evolution towards
equilibrium.Comment: 15 pages RevTeX, 8 figures, reviewed PRA resubmissio
Optimal pulse propagation in an inhomogeneously gas-filled hollow-core fiber
We study optical pulse propagation through a hollow-core fiber filled with a
radially inhomogeneous cloud of cold atoms. A co-propagating control field
establishes electromagnetically induced transparency. In analogy to a graded
index fiber, the pulse experiences micro-lensing and the transmission spectrum
becomes distorted. Based on a two-layer model of the complex index of
refraction, we can analytically understand the cause of the aberration, which
is corroborated by numerical simulations for a radial Gaussian-shaped function.
With these insights, we show that the spectral distortions can be rectified by
choosing an optimal detuning from one-photon resonance.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, typos corrected, references added, figure style
slightly modified, Comment on Faraday rotation added between Eq. (21) and
(22
Quo vadis? How to measure the quality of local and regional development processes?
Today most activities which seem to be sound, cosy and helpful - or sometimes simply useful - are called ?sustainable'. Of course the requirements for measuring sustainability increased rapidly. Many different systems of indicators and conflicting opinions about the adequate approach characterise the present situation. Nevertheless we add another system with an specific approach to evaluate processes of local and regional development. In our opinion it is able notably to refer to the quality of the concept of sustainability. The basic system is threefold and bears analogy to the model of total quality management. We distinguish between: · The assessment of projects with respect to material, procedural and ethical implications. The conceptual framework is translated into an evaluation checklist to systematise the discussion of the character and general impact of a given project or programme. The methodology of this section has been presented at the 39th ERSA Congress 1999 in Dublin even and until now has been applied in different fields. · The assessment of development processes in terms of organisation, methodology, contents and legal demands. This section will be the main part of our presentation. · And the assessment of the state of the region which actually is a 'work in progress'. It will combine elements of 'top-down indicators, deduced from the international and national discussion of the CSD-scheme, with elements of regional specific indicators based on a bottom-up approach which defines regional specific goals of development according to a transdisciplinary approach of how to experience the local and regional space. Our methodology is based on self-evaluation and it can come into operation at an early stage accompanying the activities over the whole life cycle. The assessment of development processes is to be done from the local and regional actors for themselves, accompanied by scientific experts. It depends on four principles: · The people concerned are the experts. They get involved in learning processes. · The focus of the assessment is on credibility and transparency. · Development processes need a minimum of quality. The standard is fixed. · The quality management can be used in a flexible way to allow the assessment of different processes according to the communities main focus. The whole project of quality management is closely coupled with the regional Agenda 21 in the Lake of Constance- region as it has been shown eat the 40th ERSA Congress 2000 in Barcelona. Together with the network of 13 regional contact points in Switzerland, Austria, Germany and the Principality of Liechtenstein the different sections has been discussed and field-tested. 437 words Key words: sustainability, Agenda 21, quality management, development processes, transdisciplinarity
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